The Ffrench Connection

           A true story of the life of Lt Col Ernest George Ffrench

                    M.D, Ch.B, FRCS(Edinburgh),FRCP(London) 

                             Including his connections with;

The Ffrench Family of Jamaica & their early origins

Major Michael Edward Smith, Landed gentleman, of Annesbrook, Co Meath, Ireland and his 1839 Caribbean Affair

Solomon Nunes Carvalho, unexpected hero of the Wild West, daguerreotype pioneer on Col Fremont’s 1853 Expedition across the Rockies and portrait painter of Abraham Lincoln

David Nunes Carvalho, Handwriting expert & witness at the Dreyfus trial in Paris & other notorious criminal cases

Mary Seacole Grant & her Jamaica Lodging House Blundell Hall

Written by;

 Nancy Ffrench Atkinson, survivor of this unique family

Lt Col Ernest George Ffrench M.D, Ch.B, FRCS(Edinburgh),FRCP(London) 

 "a distinguished son of Jamaica"    "I am proud of him as a Jamaican"   

                                As recently as spring 2009, I knew very little about my grandfather Dr Ernest G Ffrench. He died 11 years before I was born and my own father died over 30 years ago. If only I had talked to him about his parents before he died!  I had been told that Ernest had been an eminent Harley Street Doctor, who had eloped with a young American society girl and that for some reason he had been born in Spanish Town, Jamaica--the son of Arthur Ffrench a "Customs Official" and Jane Victoria(Nee Smith) his wife who apparently came from a prominent Irish family. I supposed Arthur had been an expatriate civil servant, posted temporarily to Jamaica.

It was only after a trip to Ireland with my siblings, to research our "Irish roots" that it became apparent that all was not what it seemed. There were simply no records either of Jane, Arthur or their marriage. So I decided to get grandfather’s birth/baptism record-- from Jamaica. Imagine my surprise when it read "Illegitimate and colored"!
Little did I expect that the Ffrench's were a long established Jamaican family,(there was even a Lieut Thomas French in the 1655 Penn/Venables force which took Jamaica from the Spanish) with variously coloured members, some of whom appear descended from slaves; that Ernest's mother Jane(also illegitimate!) was a serious business woman and Lodging House keeper in Kingston, with links to Mary Seacole, "the black Florence Nightingale" and that after  Ernest's birth, his father Arthur had actually married another woman & had 5 other Jamaican children with her, all of whom he abandoned, & after an undisclosed scandal, fled Jamaica to a working mens' hostel in East London, eventually dying alone in a poor part of Clapham, London.
And Ernest's Jewish-American wife, my grandmother, Adele Carvalho, had a famous father, David Nunes Carvalho a handwriting expert who had testified in the Dreyfus trial in Paris, and a grandfather Solomon Nunes Carvalho who had crossed the US on horseback with Col Fremont's expedition  and painted portraits of Brig Young Head of the Mormon Church & Abraham Lincoln!
The more I discovered about Ernest the more impressed I became by his journey from such an unpromising start in life. We keep searching but this is the story uncovered--so far.        I do hope you enjoy it!

 Nancy Atkinson(Nee Ffrench)                                 January 1 , 2012

Email me if you have  thoughts or input at  kandn.atkinson@tiscali.co.uk

This has been a wonderfully collaborative effort so firstly  thanks to my “old family”  ie my sister Susan Lamb & my brother Simon Ffrench,

 plus my “new family”       ie  Ffrench’s”;     Michael Ffrench, Winnipeg, Canada;  Big J(ohn),June & Aubrey Ffrench & families, Mark Ffrench & Icy Goodall in Jamaica;  David L Ffrench & family,Swarthmore Philadelphia & Donna Marie Jones-Cover, Maggie & Richard Ffrench in  Florida

“Smiths” ;Brenda McKeever, Ireland, Roseanne Lang & Lana Jeffers UK  

“Carvalhos” Sally Graff in Louisiana       plus

all  those who encouraged me, gave me leads or contributed to the story 

Prof Elizabeth Anionwu (Seacole Memorial Statue Foundation),

Dr Douglas J Austin, Cambridge ( Seacole research)

Nicole Bryan (Library of Jamaica)

Steve Campbell (RGD, SpanishTown),

Dr Barry Davidson, Cirencester, UK  (Seacole research)

Terri England (Family History Researcher),

 Mara French ( French Family Association),

Julia French-Wood (French family DNA project)

Brenda Grey (Ffrench family friend Ocho Rios)

Patricia Jackson (Jamaica Family Search.com),

Dr Aleric Josephs (University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica),

Dorothy Kew(Genealogist, Jamaica Family History Research Canada),

Paulette Kerr(Author of Lodging House Keepers of Jamaica),

Paul Kerr (TV producer--The Real Heroine of the Crimean war),

Donald Lindo(Genealogist and Historian, Kingston, Jamaica),

 Dr Joy Lumsden (Historian, Kingston, Jamaica),

Madeleine Mitchell(Genealogist/Jamaican Historian),

Ronnie Peralta (Genealogist-David Carvalho papers)

Stephen D Porter(Historian & Friends of Georgian Jamaica Society),

Michael Prescod (Glave family researcher, Jamaica),

Helen Rappaport (Author & Mary Seacole Researcher),

Jane Robinson (Mary Seacole Biographer),

Cynthia Rosers (Jamaica Family History Researcher),

Racquel Stratchan (Jamaica Archives, Spanish Town),

Akira Sugihara (Glave Family member & Researcher, USA)

Leovia Taylor (RGD SpanishTown),

Sharon Tomlin (LDS London Jamaica Family History Researcher)

and Cleo Sylvestre for her one-woman Mary Seacole show!

Finally I dedicate this to my father Dr Geoffrey Ernest Ffrench who cannot have realized &  would have been fascinated………….

1 Now to set the scene!............Jamaica by Noel Coward

Jamaica’s an island surrounded by sea (Like Corsica, Guam and Tasmania)

The tourist does not need to wear a topee Or other macabre miscellanea.

Remember that this is a tropical place Where violet hues are abundant

& bright-coloured clothes with a bright yellow face, Look frankly a trifle redundant.

A simple ensemble of trousers & shirt Becomes both the saint & the sinner

& if a head-waiter looks bitterly hurt You can wear a jacket for dinner.

Jamaica’s an island surrounded by sea (It shares this distinction with Elba)

Its easy to order a goat fricassee But madness to ask for Peach Melba.

You’ll find (to the best of this writer’s belief) That if you want rice you can get it

But visitors ordering mutton or beef   Will certainly live to regret it.

There’s seldom a shortage of ackees & yams

Or lobsters if anyone’s caught them

But if you’ve a passion for imported hams You’d bloody well better import them.

Jamaica’s an island surrounded by sea (It has this in common with Cuba)

Its national tunes, to a certain degree, Are founded on be-bop-a-duba.

‘Neath tropical palms under tropical skies Where equally tropical stars are

The vocal Jamaicans betray no surprise However off-key their guitars are.

The native calypsos which seem to be based On hot-air-conditioned reflexes

Conclusively prove that to people of taste There’s nothing so funny as sex is.

Jamaica’s an island surrounded by sea (Like Alderney, Guernsey & Sark are)

Its wise not to drive with exuberant glee Where large barracuda & shark are.

The reefs are entrancing; the water is clear The colouring couldn’t be dreamier

But one coral scratch & you may spend a year In bed with acute septicaemia.

The leading hotels are extremely well run The service both cheerful & dextrous

But even the blisters you get from the sun Are firmly included as extras.

Jamaica’s an island surrounded by sea (unlike Ecuador or Guiana)

The tourist may not have a “Fromage de Brie” But always can have a banana.

He also can have, if he has enough cash, a pleasantly rum-sodden liver

& cure his rheumatic complaints in a flash By shooting himself at Milk River.

In fact every tourist who visits these shores Can thank his benevolent Maker

For taking time off from the rest of his chores To fashion the Isle of Jamaica.

 INDEX

Chapter 1 The Cast of Characters in order of appearance!                  Images

            Plus Ernest George Ffrench’s Family Trees                                       2

Ernest's Paternal ancestors;

Chap  2 -Early F(f)rench's in Jamaica ; inc Thomas, Peter & Catherine  3-14

Chap      3  George I Ffrench & Miss Jane Charlotte Beckford, + their sons George II & Edward I (" white quadroons"),Robert and dau Ann Eliza   15-34

Chap      4 Robert I Ffrench, his wife Letitia Dunn Lindo, children Arthur I, Robert II, George III, Edward II, Maria Moore & Alexander Dunn             35-46

Chap      5 Geo III Ffrench-Arthur George’s father?-&  wife Eliza Minot  47-59                                                                     

Chap      6 Known issue of George III/Eliza; Robert Burke,Anna Maria, EdwardIII Shafto Burke, Letitia Emily, Hedley John Cecil,Alfred Ernest 60-65                           

Chapter 7 Arthur George Ffrench—Ernest’s father—Father GeorgeIII? 66-79

Ernest’s Maternal ancestors;

Chapter 8 Lieut Michael Edward Smith, & the Smith's of Ireland          80-131

Chapter 9 Eliza & Louisa Grant, & the Mary Seacole connection        132-160

Chapter 10 Miss Jane Victoria Smith, & her life                                    161-174

Ernest George Ffrench HIMSELF;

Chapter 11 Ernest, his wife Adele Carvalho and his life                       175-199

Chapter 12 Ernest's in-laws, the Carvalho's, esp. Solomon & David  200-229

Chapter 13 Ernest & Adele’s children, Violet & Geoffrey, + grandchildren Jonathan, Susan, Simon & me!                                                              230-237

Chapter 14 An interview with Ernest by the Hartford Courier 1935    238-240

Chapter 15 Carvalho's Journey A TV Documentary proposal - web address http://www.brandeis.edu/jewishfilm/pdf/Fiscal%20Sponsorship/Carvalho_proposal.pdf  Teaser/trailer at  http://vimeo.com/21938803

                                                 Appendices;

1)Timeline Arthur George Ffrench

2)Timeline Carvalho family

3) Timelines George I Ffrench  

4) Burke’s Landed Gentry  Smiths of Annesbrook 

5) Burke’s Landed Gentry  Ffrench of Monivea

6) Mary Seacole’s Will Page 1

7) Mary Seacole’s Will Page 2

8) Mary Seacole’s Will page 3 + Probate  Form

9) History of the 64^th Regiment (1834-52 excerpt)- published by Leo Cooper  

10)Jane Charlotte Beckford’s Will Inventory of 1829  (Lodging house contents)     (3 pages  with  many thanks to the Jamaica Archives for this)

11) The Beckford story

12) Burke’s Landed Gentry  Beckfords

13) Monumental Inscriptions  The Beckfords in Spanish Town Cathedral

14) The Glave Family of Jamaica

15) Lt Col Ernest  George  Ffrench of the RAMC –Timelines

Chapter 1 THE CAST OF CHARACTERS--in order of appearance—By Head of Family!

Peter Ffrench Descendants

1-Peter Ffrench (about 1710-19 March 1755)
+Catherine1 Noke (about 1714-)
. . 2-Catherine2 Ffrench (21 October 1734-26 October 1794)
. . 2-Bethiah Ffrench (5 February 1736-9 August 1778)
. . 2-Anthony John Ffrench (18 March 1738-18 March 1740)
. . 2-Elizabeth Sarah Ffrench (3 October 1740-)
. . 2-George1 Ffrench (2 June 1742-13 February 1795)
. . +Jane Charlotte Beckford (1759-23 October 1825)
. . . . 3-GeorgeII Ffrench (9 June 1777-)
. . . . 3-EdwardI Ffrench (7 October 1782-7 September 1835)
. . . . 3-Robert1 Ffrench (1785-11 October 1835)
. . . . +Letitia Dunn Lindo (about 1795-)
. . . . . . 4-Arthur I Ffrench (23 June 1813-)
. . . . . . 4-Robert II Ffrench (2 June 1817-)
. . . . . . 4-GeorgeIII Ffrench (30 December 1819-11 February 1897)
. . . . . . +Eliza Shirley Minot (22 February 1827-11 March 1898)
. . . . . . . . 5-Robert Burke Ffrench (31 October 1849-4 May 1850)
. . . . . . . . 5-Arthur George Ffrench (1851-8 August 1905)
. . . . . . . . +Frances " Fanny" Ann Glave (20 June 1845-August 1938)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Kathleen Glave Ffrench (10 March 1875-1922)
. . . . . . . . . . +Wilfred Charles Jacobs (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Shirley Jacobs (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Frances(Fan)Eliza "The Duchess" Ffrench (22 March 1878-about 1940)
. . . . . . . . . . +David Charles Thomas (1880-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Thelma Thomas (24 May 1908-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Unknown Galant (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Kathleen Thomas (18 September 1909-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-David Thomas (21 December 1905-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-St George Moore Ffrench (9 December 1879-11 December 1922)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Arthur Headley Peter Ffrench (30 November 1881-February 1968)
. . . . . . . . . . +Irene Getfield (-about 1917)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Myrtle Mae Ffrench (27 September 1917-4 April 1994)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Charles Adolphus Jones (14 August 1907-20 January 2000)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Donna Marie Jones-Cover (about 1955-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Desmond Cover (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Jordan Cover (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Don Kemeel Jones (about 1960-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Amy Adina Thomas (1902-December 1994)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Gladys Clementina Ffrench (18 October 1918-20 July 2005)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Hepburn Ashman (-2 November 1968)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Mark Ashman Ffrench (about 1960-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Icyline Ffrench (November 1920-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Unknown Goodall (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Stephen Shirley Ffrench (3 September 1884-16 March 1896)
. . . . . . . . +Jane Victoria Smith (23 October 1840-12 May 1927)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Ernest George Ffrench (15 November 1876-25 July 1937)
. . . . . . . . . . +Adele Miriam Carvalho (21 December 1876-1958)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Violet Anne Victoria Ffrench (15 June 1916-31 July 2003)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +George F Davis (21 December 1917-20 August 1998)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Robin N Davis (24 April 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Laura Hooper (about 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Geoffrey Davis (1970-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Christopher Davis (August 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Geoffrey Ernest Ffrench (25 November 1917-25 January 1980)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Marjory Grace Godfrey (11 November 1918-August 2007)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Jonathan Ffrench (25 February 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Heather Hay (about 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Jojo Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Susan Adele Ffrench (4 July 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Peter Frank lamb (2 January 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Sarah Louise Lamb (24 June 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Robert William Pike (24 January 1976-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Nicholas Peter Lamb (10 January 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Gemma Louise Williams (8 March 1978-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Maya Grace Lamb (13 July 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Nancy Rosalind Ffrench (28 November 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Keith Melvyn Atkinson (28 June 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Katherine Ann Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Jason Boggs (18 February 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Oscar Harnett Boggs (13 November 2005-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Henry Joshua Boggs (4 August 2007-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Matilda Clovelly Boggs (14 October 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Nicola Louise Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Alex George Massey Evered (5 September 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Charlotte Lucy "Lottie" Evered (29 November 2006-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Isabella Anne "Bella" Evered (10 September 2008-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Toby James Atkinson (24 October 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Rebecca Katherine Sansum (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Frederick George Atkinson (22 April 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . + (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Simon Geoffrey Ffrench (26 January 1950-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Caroline Mary Young (21 March 1953-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Daniel Geoffrey Ffrench (12 November 1980-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Stephanie Joy Elms (28 September 1979-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Lily Joy Ffrench (14 November 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Michael Aylwin Ffrench (19 April 1983-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Catriona Louise Ffrench (10 May 1985-)
. . . . . . . . +Frances " Fanny" Ann Glave (20 June 1845-August 1938)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Kathleen Glave Ffrench (10 March 1875-1922)
. . . . . . . . . . +Wilfred Charles Jacobs (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Shirley Jacobs (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Frances(Fan)Eliza "The Duchess" Ffrench (22 March 1878-about 1940)
. . . . . . . . . . +David Charles Thomas (1880-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Thelma Thomas (24 May 1908-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Unknown Galant (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Kathleen Thomas (18 September 1909-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-David Thomas (21 December 1905-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-St George Moore Ffrench (9 December 1879-11 December 1922)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Arthur Headley Peter Ffrench (30 November 1881-February 1968)
. . . . . . . . . . +Irene Getfield (-about 1917)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Myrtle Mae Ffrench (27 September 1917-4 April 1994)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Charles Adolphus Jones (14 August 1907-20 January 2000)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Donna Marie Jones-Cover (about 1955-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Desmond Cover (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Jordan Cover (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Don Kemeel Jones (about 1960-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Amy Adina Thomas (1902-December 1994)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Gladys Clementina Ffrench (18 October 1918-20 July 2005)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Hepburn Ashman (-2 November 1968)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Mark Ashman Ffrench (about 1960-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Icyline Ffrench (November 1920-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Unknown Goodall (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Stephen Shirley Ffrench (3 September 1884-16 March 1896)
. . . . . . . . 5-Anna Maria Ffrench (about 1853-10 January 1881)
. . . . . . . . 5-EdwardIII Shafto Burke Ffrench (1855-after 1923)
. . . . . . . . +Gertude Emily Feurtado (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Letitia Emily Ffrench (1856-10 November 1869)
. . . . . . . . 5-Hedley John Cecil Ffrench (1858-31 March 1864)
. . . . . . . . 5-Alfred Ernest Ffrench (23 February 1861-24 April 1926)
. . . . . . . . +Isadora Maud Burke Moodie (5 August 1864-about 1953)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Frank Moore "Frankie" Ffrench (16 July 1892-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Unknown wife Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Helen(Nellie) Ffrench (about 1885-8 May 1944)
. . . . . . . . . . +John Fowles (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Howard Fowles (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Ida Fowles (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-GeorgeIV A Ffrench (27 December 1886-5 February 1957)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Shafto Moodie Ffrench (23 January 1889-27 August 1979)
. . . . . . . . . . +Gwendolyn K Roberts (1902-23 October 1940)
. . . . . . . . . . +Hyacinth Annis Peart (29 July 1910-January 1980–March 1980)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Alfred(Freddie) Ffrench (about 1950-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Ernest Minott Ffrench (17 August 1890-before 1926)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Enid Claire Ffrench (March 1896-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Leopold Scott (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Leslie St Clair Ffrench (3 May 1900-3 April 1987)
. . . . . . . . . . +Mary Bernice Prendergast (21 December 1893-31 March 1984)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Derek St Clair "Commander" Ffrench (31 March 1922-23 December 2007)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Phyllis Cecile Reid (3 August 1925-20 November 2006)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Richard St Clair Ffrench (22 May 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Andrea Marguerite Powell (24 April 1957-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Mandy Marguerite Ffrench (5 May 1971-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Steven Robert Nicholas Parchment (10 April 1971-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-McKenzie R Parchment (25 January 2004-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Kellie Ann St Clair Ffrench (22 June 1974-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Alin Abrahim (18 March 1974-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Richard Cory St Clair Ffrench (3 May 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Marie Rojas (9 September 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Ruth St Clair Ffrench (29 June 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Maurice A Knill (2 September 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Brendan Maurice Roger Knill (31 December 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Natalie Parker (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Kelsey Blu Knill (31 March 2003-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Reon Samuel Parker Knill (23 June 2005-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Marguerite(Maggie) St Clair Ffrench (25 June 1946-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Cedric K Nash (24 May 1938-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Robin C Nash (14 September 1971-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Randy R Radoff (30 September 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Jamie D Nash (24 October 1972-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-David Andrew Nash (30 July 1974-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Kara Sciortino (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Elise Maria Lucille Nash (16 January 2006-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Gretchen St Clair Ffrench (15 June 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Paul Bitter (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Myndi Lee Bitter (31 July 1971-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Richard McGhie (29 December 1961-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Elias Richard McGhie (4 December 2000-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Mikayla Renee McGhie (29 July 2003-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +David McFarlane (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-David1 Leslie St Clair Ffrench (22 February 1925-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Andrina (Renee) Jean Elizabeth Smyth (1 September 1929-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Mary Elizabeth (Betsey) St Clair Ffrench (10 June 1958-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-David2 Leslie St Clair Ffrench (10 June 1960-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Lisa Lawerance (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-David3 Leslie Ffrench (about 1992-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Ian Lawerance Ffrench (about 2000-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-James (Jim) Andrew St Clair Ffrench (10 August 1963-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Rebecca Miller (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Anna M Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Camilla G Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-June Ann Therese Ffrench (4 June 1928-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Trevor Goodin (-about 1985)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Bernice Ouida St Clair Ffrench (4 February 1933-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Mavis Elaine Lewis (9 February 1904-20 April 1989)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Shirley Lorraine Ffrench (8 January 1902-18 July 1969)
. . . . . . . . . . +Enid Susan Hind (1904-1988)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-John(Big J) Ffrench (25 January 1940-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Winsome Ffrench (about 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Andrea Ffrench (about 1965-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Curtis Unknown (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Ashleigh Unknown (about 2002-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Alexander Unknown (about 2002-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Michael Ernest Ffrench (1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Dona Ffrench (about 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Cheryl Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Rory Ffrench (about 1985-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Samantha Ffrench (about 1987-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Ryan Ffrench (about 1987-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Norman Ffrench (23 October 1925-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Paul Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Colin Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Aubrey Ffrench (1930-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Val Ffrench (about 1935-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Karen Ffrench (about 1960-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Christopher Ffrench (about 1962-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Brigitte Ffrench (about 1964-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +John Unknown (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Jason Unknown (about 1990-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Corinne Elise Ffrench (9 May 1905-15 June 1993)
. . . . . . 4-EdwardII Ffrench (6 February 1822-10 March 1880)
. . . . . . +Sarah Harrison Buchan (1833-before 1880)
. . . . . . 4-Maria Moore Ffrench (8 December 1826-14 December 1918)
. . . . . . +John Moore (about 1820-before 1918)
. . . . . . . . 5-Ella Louise Moore (about 1848-1 October 1938)
. . . . . . . . 5-Thomasina Ffrench Moore (about 1850-)
. . . . . . 4-Alexander Dunn Ffrench (9 December 1828-)
. . . . 3-Ann Eliza Ffrench (1787-13 October 1835)
. . +Elizabeth Ann Jackson (about 1765-about 1825)
. . . . 3-John Ffrench (1789-6 January 1790)
. . . . 3-Henry Ffrench (21 October 1793-18 January 1800)

Descendants Henry Smith

1-Henry1 Smith (15 June 1748-1817)
+Martha Steele (about 1760-7 January 1801)
. . 2-Henry2 Jeremiah 11th Dragoons Smith (28 November 1783-15 February 1857)
. . +Margaret Osbourne (about 1782-about 1805)
. . . . 3-Henry3 Jeremiah Smith (October 1803-13 March 1877)
. . . . +Sarah Maria Harrison (about 1810-abt 1833?)
. . . . . . 4-Henry4 Jeremiah Smith (14 September 1829-)
. . . . . . +Elizabeth "of Old Court" Edward (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Henry5 Smith (1860-1920)
. . . . . . . . 5-Emily Kate Smith (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Lilla Smith (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Gertrude Smith (-)
. . . . +Honble Henrietta Priscilla Carleton (about 1816-20 October 1892)
. . . . . . 4-Carleton Smith (about 1836-1910)
. . . . . . 4-George Smith (about 1838-)
. . . . . . 4-Dudley Smith (about 1840-)
. . . . . . 4-Georgina Smith (about 1842-)
. . . . 3-Francis Edward Smith (1805-)
. . +Elizabeth Radcliffe (1790-5 March 1872)
. . . . 3-Catherine Matilda Smith (about 1810-)
. . . . +Robert Col Sir Wallace (-)
. . . . 3-Elizabeth Smith (about 1811-)
. . . . +Hugh Lyons Montgomery (-)
. . . . 3-Stephen Henry Smith (1813-1890)
. . . . +Georgina Barbra Pelly (1836-April 1874)
. . . . . . 4-Blanche Louisa Smith (-)
. . . . . . 4-Constance Margaret Smith (25 December 1862-11 August 1894)
. . . . 3-St George William Smith (1813-about 1892)
. . . . 3-Michael Edward Smith (10 November 1814-19 May 1903)
. . . . +Jane Grace Smith Syme (1829-17 March 1913)
. . . . +Eliza Louisa Grant (about 1815-21 July 1905)
. . . . . . 4-Jane Victoria Smith (23 October 1840-12 May 1927)
. . . . . . . . 5-Ernest George Ffrench (15 November 1876-25 July 1937)
. . . . . . . . +Adele Miriam Carvalho (21 December 1876-1958)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Violet Anne Victoria Ffrench (15 June 1916-31 July 2003)
. . . . . . . . . . +George F Davis (21 December 1917-20 August 1998)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Robin N Davis (24 April 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Laura Hooper (about 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Geoffrey Davis (1970-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Christopher Davis (August 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Geoffrey Ernest Ffrench (25 November 1917-25 January 1980)
. . . . . . . . . . +Marjory Grace Godfrey (11 November 1918-August 2007)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Jonathan Ffrench (25 February 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Heather Hay (about 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Jojo Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Susan Adele Ffrench (4 July 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Peter Frank lamb (2 January 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Sarah Louise Lamb (24 June 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Robert William Pike (24 January 1976-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Nicholas Peter Lamb (10 January 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Gemma Louise Williams (8 March 1978-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Maya Grace Lamb (13 July 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Nancy Rosalind Ffrench (28 November 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Keith Melvyn Atkinson (28 June 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Katherine Ann Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Jason Boggs (18 February 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Oscar Harnett Boggs (13 November 2005-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Henry Joshua Boggs (4 August 2007-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Matilda Clovelly Boggs (14 October 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Nicola Louise Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Alex George Massey Evered (5 September 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Charlotte Lucy "Lottie" Evered (29 November 2006-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Isabella Anne "Bella" Evered (10 September 2008-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Toby James Atkinson (24 October 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Rebecca Katherine Sansum (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Frederick George Atkinson (22 April 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . + (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Simon Geoffrey Ffrench (26 January 1950-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Caroline Mary Young (21 March 1953-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Daniel Geoffrey Ffrench (12 November 1980-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Stephanie Joy Elms (28 September 1979-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Lily Joy Ffrench (14 November 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Michael Aylwin Ffrench (19 April 1983-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Catriona Louise Ffrench (10 May 1985-)
. . . . . . +Arthur George Ffrench (1851-8 August 1905)
. . . . . . . . 5-Ernest George Ffrench (15 November 1876-25 July 1937)
. . . . . . . . +Adele Miriam Carvalho (21 December 1876-1958)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Violet Anne Victoria Ffrench (15 June 1916-31 July 2003)
. . . . . . . . . . +George F Davis (21 December 1917-20 August 1998)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Robin N Davis (24 April 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Laura Hooper (about 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Geoffrey Davis (1970-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Christopher Davis (August 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Geoffrey Ernest Ffrench (25 November 1917-25 January 1980)
. . . . . . . . . . +Marjory Grace Godfrey (11 November 1918-August 2007)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Jonathan Ffrench (25 February 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Heather Hay (about 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Jojo Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Susan Adele Ffrench (4 July 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Peter Frank lamb (2 January 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Sarah Louise Lamb (24 June 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Robert William Pike (24 January 1976-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Nicholas Peter Lamb (10 January 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Gemma Louise Williams (8 March 1978-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Maya Grace Lamb (13 July 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Nancy Rosalind Ffrench (28 November 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Keith Melvyn Atkinson (28 June 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Katherine Ann Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Jason Boggs (18 February 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Oscar Harnett Boggs (13 November 2005-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Henry Joshua Boggs (4 August 2007-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Matilda Clovelly Boggs (14 October 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Nicola Louise Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Alex George Massey Evered (5 September 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Charlotte Lucy "Lottie" Evered (29 November 2006-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Isabella Anne "Bella" Evered (10 September 2008-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Toby James Atkinson (24 October 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Rebecca Katherine Sansum (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Frederick George Atkinson (22 April 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . + (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Simon Geoffrey Ffrench (26 January 1950-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Caroline Mary Young (21 March 1953-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Daniel Geoffrey Ffrench (12 November 1980-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Stephanie Joy Elms (28 September 1979-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Lily Joy Ffrench (14 November 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Michael Aylwin Ffrench (19 April 1983-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Catriona Louise Ffrench (10 May 1985-)
. . . . 3-William Thomas Smith (15 January 1816-15 March 1884)
. . . . +Kate Auber (-)
. . . . . . 4-Ernest St George Smith (-)
. . . . . . +Kathleen Emily Avenal Philpotts (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Rosemary Smith (1903-)
. . . . . . . . +Richard Mainwaring (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Rosanne Mainwaring (about 1938-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Hugh Lang (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Robin Mainwaring (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Denise Smith (1910-7 April 2008)
. . . . . . . . +Frank Norman Jeffers (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Lana Jeffers (15 February 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Julian Colmar Jeffers (31 May 1949-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-David Jeffers (-)
. . . . 3-Richard Edward Jeremiah Smith (about 1819-March 1877)
. . . . +Adela Archer (about 1840-)
. . . . . . 4-Emily Gertrude Cox Smith (23 May 1865-)
. . . . . . +Rev Edwin Henry Cock (-)
. . . . 3-Kynaston Walter Smith (about 1827-1857)
. . . . 3-Matilda Cox Smith (1828-)
. . . . 3-Emily Smith (about 1829-)
. . . . 3-Mary Henrietta Smith (1830-1876)
. . . . +Ralph4 Smyth (about 1817-)
. . . . 3-Frederick Augustus Smith (18 November 1826-27 July 1887)
. . 2-St George "of Greenhills" Smith (7 March 1785-)
. . +Mary Hannah Smyth (about 1785-16 June 1844)
. . . . 3-Henry St George Smith (2 January 1813-16 December 1899)
. . . . +Sidney Catherine Salisbury (-13 March 1902)
. . . . . . 4-St George Alexander Smith (26 January 1841-27 October 1916)
. . . . . . +Luielia Stella Marguerite McIlwraith (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Henry St George Smith (31 August 1898-25 December 1975)
. . . . . . . . +Anna McTaggart (February 1897-February 1983)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Henry St George Smith (29 October 1929-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Brenda Jane Smith (14 March 1957-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Thomas Eden McKeever (9 January 1957-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Samuel Joseph McKeever (1 February 1983-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Chloe Anna St George McKeever (29 October 1985-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Eleazer Jack McKeever (5 February 1993-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Jennifer Ann Jobson (27 August 1935-22 August 2007)
. . . . . . . . +Anna McTaggart (February 1897-February 1983)

Descendants Samuel Nunes Carvalho

1-Samuel Nunes Carvalho (about 1665-1728)
. . 2-Isaac Nunes Carvalho (about 1690-1733)
. . . . 3-Samuel Nunes Carvalho (about 1715-)
. . . . +Bathsheba DeMeza (1720-1790)
. . . . . . 4-Solomon1 Nunes Carvalho (1740-before 1835)
. . . . . . +Judith(Jeudit) Henriques Pimental (1744-before 1840)
. . . . . . . . 5-Emanuel Carvalho (14 November 1770-1817)
. . . . . . . . +Sarah Rodrigues Moreira (about 1770-1831)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-David Nunes Carvalho (23 August 1812-19 November 1813)
. . . . . . . . 5-David1 Nunes Carvalho (4 November 1785-29 September 1854)
. . . . . . . . +Sarah Cohen D'Azevedo (1793-20 March 1864)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Solomon2 Nunes Carvalho (27 April 1815-21 May 1897)
. . . . . . . . . . +Sarah Miriam Solis (15 October 1824-2 May 1894)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-David2 Nunes Carvalho (29 September 1848-29 June 1925)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Annie M Abrams (16 November 1857-2 June 1903)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Adele Miriam Carvalho (21 December 1876-1958)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Ernest George Ffrench (15 November 1876-25 July 1937)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Violet Anne Victoria Ffrench (15 June 1916-31 July 2003)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +George F Davis (21 December 1917-20 August 1998)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Robin N Davis (24 April 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Laura Hooper (about 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Geoffrey Davis (1970-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Christopher Davis (August 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Geoffrey Ernest Ffrench (25 November 1917-25 January 1980)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Marjory Grace Godfrey (11 November 1918-August 2007)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Jonathan Ffrench (25 February 1944-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Heather Hay (about 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Jojo Ffrench (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Susan Adele Ffrench (4 July 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Peter Frank lamb (2 January 1947-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Sarah Louise Lamb (24 June 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Robert William Pike (24 January 1976-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Nicholas Peter Lamb (10 January 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Gemma Louise Williams (8 March 1978-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Maya Grace Lamb (13 July 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Nancy Rosalind Ffrench (28 November 1948-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Keith Melvyn Atkinson (28 June 1943-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Katherine Ann Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Jason Boggs (18 February 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Oscar Harnett Boggs (13 November 2005-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Henry Joshua Boggs (4 August 2007-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Matilda Clovelly Boggs (14 October 2009-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Nicola Louise Atkinson (29 November 1973-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Alex George Massey Evered (5 September 1975-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Charlotte Lucy "Lottie" Evered (29 November 2006-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Isabella Anne "Bella" Evered (10 September 2008-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Toby James Atkinson (24 October 1977-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Rebecca Katherine Sansum (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Frederick George Atkinson (22 April 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Simon Geoffrey Ffrench (26 January 1950-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Caroline Mary Young (21 March 1953-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Daniel Geoffrey Ffrench (12 November 1980-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Stephanie Joy Elms (28 September 1979-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Lily Joy Ffrench (14 November 2010-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Michael Aylwin Ffrench (19 April 1983-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Catriona Louise Ffrench (10 May 1985-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-BertramI Nunes Carvalho (27 May 1878-1944)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Jesselyn Pierce (8 October 1875-30 December 1938)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-John Bertram Carvalho (30 April 1904-15 May 1968)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Augusta Miner (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Susan Miner Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Gerald Hayes Efinger (about 1935-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Tonia Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Leslie Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Wendy Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Adelaide Miriam Carvalho (26 November 1906-1968)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Lester Manning (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Ward Manning (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Barrie Manning (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Curtis Bolton Pierce Carvalho (February 1908-1969)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Elizabeth Jean Teal (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Jennifer Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +David Lewis (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Curtis Christian Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Melba Wycoff (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Pieter Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-David3 Nunes Carvalho (about 1911-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Vera Annette Philbrick (29 July 1915-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-David Nunes Carvalho Tucker (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Neelie Tucker (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Neelie Tucker (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-BertramII Nunes Carvalho (7 February 1913-8 January 1994)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Janet Van Franken Garfield Stone (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Lynn Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Portia Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Bertram III Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Margaret Carlson (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Dayton Carvalho (1880-1881)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Maie Nunes Carvalho (19 May 1882-14 April 1974)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Carl Friedrich Herman Ferdinand Sturhahn (25 January 1871-13 December 1939)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Herbert Carl Sturhahn (29 July 1902-1939)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Edward Marshall Sr Sturhahn (15 May 1906-3 May 1992)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Louise Dailey Sturhahn (8 January 1909-9 July 1996)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Joan Sturhahn (23 September 1930-11 April 2010)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Garland Mourning McNutt Jnr (24 August 1923-2 October 2008)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Garland Marshall McNutt (26 September 1956-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Edward Marshall Jnr Sturhahn (30 March 1934-1 April 1993)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Sharon Lee Manford (31 October 1942-8 September 1969)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-Natalie Anita "Sally" Ann Williamson Sturhahn Graff (25 December 1961-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Bruce Michael McGee (1951-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-Kelli Diane McGee (1982-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Dan Gradley Graff (1957-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Herbert Carl Sturhahn (29 July 1902-1939)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Leslie Russell Nunes Carvalho (7 November 1885-December 1955)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Sophia G Goodman (about 1890-about 1950)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Paul David Carvalho (about 1915-7 November 1940)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Anita B Carvalho (about 1920-May 1982)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Leonard D'Oge Verdier III (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-David Verdier (about 1945-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Laura Verdier (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-Leslie Verdier (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Pearl "Puggy" Tannenbaum (-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Claire Carvalho (13 September 1888-27 October 1970)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Herbert A Weiller (21 August 1887-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-Sylvia Maie Weiller (about 1914-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Jacob Solis Carvalho (23 September 1852-13 March 1937)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Suzanne Walker (about 1854-before 1950)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Charity(Charrie) N Carvalho (12 April 1850-5 April 1945)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Adolph G Marshuetz (1840-1903)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Solomon Nunes Carvalho Marshuetz (9 September 1883-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Solomon Solis Carvalho (16 January 1856-12 April 1942)
. . . . . . . . . . . . +Helen Cusack (about 1863-before 1955)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Sarah Virginia Carvalho (about 1898-before 1995)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-Helen Carvalho (about 1900-before 1995)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . +Unknown Steele (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Emanuel Nunes Carvalho (22 March 1817-13 March 1883)
. . . . . . . . . . +Caroline A "Carrie" Woolf (1824-1904)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-David Nunes Carvalho (1842-1843)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Isaac Nunes Carvalho (1851-)
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-Sarah Carvalho (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Julia Carvalho (4 July 1819-22 January 1887)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Rachel Carvalho (1822-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Sarah Carvalho (September 1823-1842)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Clara Nunes Carvalho (1826-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Benjamin Carvalho (1827-January 1843)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Sophia Carvalho (1828-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Isaac Carvalho (1835-1835)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Miriam Carvalho (10 November 1838-)
. . . . . . . . . . +Isadore Osorio (March 1840-)
. . . . . . +Est(h)er de Isaac Alvarez (-)

2  PEDIGREE OF ERNEST  George Ffrench

Chapter 2

Ernest’s Paternal ancestors ie “ Generation x”        Way back & traditionally, according to my father, we Ffrench’s originated from Monivea and Ffrench Castle, near Galway in western Ireland, which had a regular shipping route via Spain to the Caribbean. There’s actually a Ffrench roundabout in Galway city!

3 Ffrench Roundabout Galway City

--but so far the only  connections we have made between the Jamaica Ffrench's and the Irish ones are these;

A Jeffrey Ffrench M.P. (1682-1754), wealthy barrister, who died in London 1754 owning estates in Galway, Ireland &  "a plantation in Jamaica" per his Will.

Jeffrey married Catherine Lloyd dau of The Hon Richard Lloyd Speaker of the Upper House of Assembly and Lord Chief Justice Jamaica. Richard's son Guy Lloyd succeeded him and there is a mortgage  contract between Guy and Jeffrey dated 1750  and a Land sale contract of 1741 between Jeffrey & Thomas Ayscough whereby Thomas pays Jeffrey £1900 for 95 acres in St Johns, known as Plantain Walk at Mountain River

 CE Long's 1750 list of Jamaica Landholders shows “Jeoffrey” owning 5686 acres; 4708 in St Thomas in the Vale,635 St Catherines & 343 St Ann. The names of the estates wre not given. He certainly sent family out to Jamaica--his nephew James Murphy French(b 1725 Ireland) went out to Jamaica abt 1758 , hoping to practice as a lawyer, but dying there of a fever 5 Jan 1759 No LDS burial record for him that might give the location of the estate has been traced

and this Galway Newspaper article dated 1823;

DIED In December last, at Paradise Estate, Jamaica,(Near Port Antonio) Anthony Ffrench, Esq., aged 23 (or 25) years, son of R. FfRENCH, Esq, of Beagh, in this County. Those only who knew Mr. FfRENCH and appreciated his merits, can judge of the regret of his parents, and his friends must feel at the loss of so amiable a young gentleman.

Note; Curiously Paradise Estate appears again in 1827 in relation to the birth of Eliza Minot Ffrench—see image 47a

But the French’s must originally have left Ireland much earlier because as far back as the 1700's there were F(f)rench's in Jamaica, West Indies.Possibly they arrived as soldiers--one Lieut Thomas French was with Colonel Richard Fortescue's Regiment(the Third) , who under Penn Venables,  invaded Jamaica in 1655, taking it from the Spanish. Fortescue had been a Lt Col under the Earl of Essex and a Colonel in Cromwell's New Model. Fortescue's Regiment was stationed in Spanish Town. Fortescue thought Jamaica "a fruitful and pleasant Island and a fit receptacle for honest men" "there is accomodation and worke for them.Here they may serve God, their countery and themselves". Fortescue died 3 Oct 1655 but maybe he convinced Lieut Thomas to stay. 

 A second Thomas French b 1680 d 1758 had with Esther(coloured?); son  Thomas (b 2 Feb1697), George (b 2 Sept 1699 d 29 Mar 1702),Jeremiah(b 7 Dec 1701 d 17 Feb 1702) and Elizabeth (b 5 May 1705 d 4 July 1706) An Esther French dies 12 May 1705 just after Elizabet was born. All in St Catherines. Only Thomas survives—or does he?  6 June 1720 a Thomas French is buried in St Catherines

4 

Thomas & esther’s Son Thomas

A third Thomas French  married in 1741 Mary Mathews & had  Thomas (b 1 Nov 1742 bap 26 Nov 1742). A Mary French dies in Kingston 8 June 1755 “the wife of Thomas French Esquire”

5 Thomas & Mary’s Son Thomas

 He also had with Eleanor Peete (mulatto); dau Susanna(b 5 Mar 1754), son George(b 4 Mar 1759) and dau  Mary(b 4 May 1763). He died  13 Aug 1783

6 7 8 

Susannah, George and Mary

A fourth Thomas French was acting Governor Jamaica 1702.

A (fifth) Major General Thomas French is mentioned in "Fuertado's Official Personages (in Jamaica) 1655-1790" & in the Jamaica Almanacs  as JP 1751, M.A. Kingston 1753, Custos for Kingston in 1780 ,Speaker pro tem in 1781 and Chief Justice in 1788.The 1782 Almanac calls him the Hon Thomas French. This Thomas died 16 Jan 1783 aged 66 “Custos” so born 1717

Did one of the Jamaica French’s  produce Peter French  (b abt 1710 d 19 Mar 1755) or was he born off the Island? England or Galway perhaps

Generation 1

Peter French  of Kingston, When he married 24^th Dec 1734 Catherine Noke of Kingston ( b abt 1716) he was of Kingston, a  “ Bookkeeper” of a Plantation helping supervise the  manufacture of sugar & rum.

9 Peter & Catherine’s marriage

Before they married they had Catherine (b 21st Oct 1734, bap 23rd Feb 1735-- a Catherine French dies Kingston “a spinster” 26 Oct 1794);          then Bethiah , (b 5th Feb 1736, bap 24th Feb 1736-- a Bethiah French dies Kingston “a spinster” 9 Aug 1778);                                                         Anthony John (b18th March 1738, bap 14th Apr 1739-- an Anthony John French dies aged 6(?), buried by his father 18 Mar 1740);                                       Elizabeth Sarah,(b 3rd Oct 1740, bap 28th Oct 1740; and

George I (b 2 Jun 1742 and bap on 23rd June 1742)

10 11 12 13 14

Catherine, Bethiah, Anthony, Elizabeth & GeorgeI’s KINGSTON baptisms

 Peter became Government Coroner in 1751 per the Jamaica Almanac—at that time a coloured could not reasonably aspire to such a post so we must assume Catherine Noke was white. A  Peter French “Esquire” died Kingston 19 March 1755 when their children were between13 & 20 .

Chapter 3

Generation 2

2.1 GeorgeI Ffrench,(as above) b 1742, is listed in the Fuertado Official Personages 1655-1790 and the 1790 Jamaica Almanac as the Crown Solicitor/Clerk of the Jamaica Assembly around 1780/5, aged 38.By 1782 George is in the High Court,Assistant Judge,Solicitor for the Crown and Clerk of the Peace in Spanish Town,St Catherine's on a fat salary! So was he a lawyer? Did he have legal training in London or Dublin? There's a George French in the 1782 List of Attorneys-at-Law admitted to practice at His Majesty's Supreme Court of Judicature. 

 His  long-term mistress was Miss Jane Charlotte Beckford  "a free mulatto woman” of Spanish Town, Jamaica, born 1759 died 23 Oct 1825; presumably one of the many illegitimate daughters of either Richard Beckford (Speaker St Catherine's 1747) or Ballard Beckford (Member of the Council St Catherine 1754). SpanishTown had amazing buildings;-

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

SPANISH TOWN TODAY

Ballard Beckford was  somewhat notorious , having figured prominently as co-respondent in a much publicized divorce case, which resulted in the passing of Jamaica’s first Divorce Act and his expulsion from the House of Assembly 3 years earlier. Many of the Beckfords are buried in the Spanish Town Cathedral.

 George must have been besotted by Jane and/or his 2 young quadroon sons GeorgeII  b 1777 & EdwardI  b 1782 as he had a Private Act of the Jamaica Parliament passed in 1784 (he wld be 42) giving her and his first 2  sons (then aged 7 and 2) equal rights to those born of wholly white parents & sent them to England for their education.

Jane  Charlotte Beckford's  Act  of  the  Jamaica  Parliament  1784

Jamaica Is. An Act to entitle Jane Charlotte Beckford of the Parish of Saint Catherine a free Mulatto Woman and George French and Edward French Free Quadroons the Children of the said Jane Charlotte Beckford to the same Rights and Priviledges with English subjects born of White Parents under certain Restrictions

Whereas the said Jane Charlotte Beckford hath been Baptised Educated and Instructed in the principles of the Christian Religion and in the Communion of the Church of England as by Law Established and hath caused her said children to be Baptised the elder of whom hath been sent to England and where it is intended that the younger of them shall also be sent at a proper age to be brought up in the like principles and Educated in such manner as to make them useful to the Community which with the assistance that will be afforded them will raise them above the level of people of Colour in general But by reason of their being Mulattoes they are Subject and liable to the same pains and penalties to which free Negroes and Mulattoes are in this Island who have neither education nor property Wherefore We your Majesty’s dutiful and loyal Subjects the Lieutenant Governor Council and Assembly of this Island humbly beseech your Majesty that it may be Enacted and it is hereby Enacted by the Authority of the same that the said Jane Charlotte Beckford and her issue begotten by White Men and the said George French and Edward French and their Issue born of White Women shall from henceforth be deemed and taken for free and Natural born Subjects of this Island and shall be Tried and adjudged for all Crimes Misdemeanors and Offences which they or either of them shall be hereafter Charged with in the same manner as if they and every of them were free and Natural born Subjects of great Britain and in no other manner whatsoever and that they and every of them shall be entitled to have and enjoy all Rights Priviledges Immunities and Advantages whatsoever as if they and every of them were born and descended of and from White Ancestors any Law Custom or Useage to the Contrary in any wise notwithstanding.Provided always that nothing in this Act contained shall be construed or understood to confer upon the said Jane Charlotte Beckford and the said George French and Edward French or any or either of them any Capacity or Ability of Sitting or Voting either in the Council or Assembly of this Island or of holding or enjoying any Office Civil or Military or serving as Jurors or Vestrymen or of voting at any Election whatsoever. But that they the said Jane Charlotte Beckford George French and Edward French and each and every of them shall be totally excluded therefrom any Law Custom or Usage to the Contrary in any wise notwithstanding./

Passed  the Council this 15^th day of December 1784 Will Dunlop Speaker.    I consent this 14^th day of December 1784   Cncl Alured Clarke Passed the Assembly this 23^rd day of  ed the Assembly December 1784 IW Slaughter

27 The Jamaica Act of Parliament making the Quadroons LEGALLY  “white”!

A mulatto is half-European, half-African; a quadroon is the issue of a European and a mulatto; an African is someone who had been shipped from Africa; a Creole is someone (of any race) born on the island.

GeorgeI & Jane's 4 children were GeorgeII born 9 June 1777;EdwardI born 7 Oct 1782 died 7 Sep 1835; Robert born 1785 died 11 Oct 1835 and  Ann Eliza born 1788 died 13 Oct 1835—there must have been an epidemic in 1835. There was no Act of Parliament for the later  children .They were all baptised in St Catherine's.

Jane Charlotte Beckford ran a lodging house in Spanish Town called "Miss Ffrench's" at the corner of Ellis Street and Whitechurch Street to which Lady Nugent, the Governor's wife, sent guests in 1803--(She would not have sent her guests to anywhere second-rate so it must have been "upmarket"!). There is a French Street  and a Beckford Street in Spanish Town today . From her birth date of 1759 Jane would appear to be the illegitimate daughter of planter Richard Beckford, or Ballard Beckford

Philip Wright's Monumental Inscriptions of Jamaica:  p. 130 –“ Spanish Town.  No. 28, Whitechurch St” Not seen. Recorded by Frank Cundall 1918.

Jane Charlotte Beckford, died 23 October, 1825, aged 66.(So born 1759)

Miss Ffrench’s Lodging House;-the Gleaner 1887(Note double ff that early)

Picture of present day building still used in 2011  as the Freemasons Hamilton Lodge Meeting House

28 29 Miss Ffrench’s Lodging House 2011

Jane Charlotte Beckford’s Will inventory of 1829

Beckford Jane C Entrd 14^th Feb 1829.  An Inventory and appraisement of all and singular the Goods and Chattels rights and Credits which were of Jane Charlotte Beckford late of the Parish of St Catherine deceased-----------------------------

1 Mahogany Bedstead with Feather bed Hair Mattrass Bolster & Pillows 160/-

1 Mahogany large Chest 40/- 1 Looking glass 13/4 1 Globe 6/8      £11-00-00

1 Mahogany Bedstead with Feather Bed Bolster & Pillows with Nett 106/8

1 Washstand 5/- 1 Mahogany chair 5/- 1 Looking glass 2/6              £ 5-19-02

1 Mahogany Bedstead 58/4 1 Table 6/8 1 Looking glass 6/8 1 Bason stand 6/8

9 large & small Mahogany tables 175/- 2 Sofhas 40/-                      £14-13-04

1 Mahogany desk 10/- 1 Plated Cruet stand 10/- 1 Mahogany Chest 40/-

1 small Chest of Drawers 13/4 1 Basan stand 10/-                            £4-03-04

4 Looking Glass 10/- 4 Bedroom Chairs 40/- 2 pair shoes 20/-

1 pair hand ??? shades 10/- 2 Night Chairs 26/8 1 Liquor cooler 40/-£7-06-08

19 Mahogany Highback Chairs 190/- 3 pair Plated Candlesticks 30/-

1 Mahogany Sideboard Tray 80/- 1 Dripstone ??? 100/-                  £20-00-00

1 Mahogany Bedstead Straw bed Hair Mattrass & 2 Pillows 26/8 1 Table 6/8

1 Chair 6/8 1 Bason Stand 6/8 1 Large Chest 10/-                             £2-16-08

1 Mahogany Bedstead and Feather Bed 80/- 1 Table 5/- 1 Looking glass 5/-

1 Bason stand 5/- a Lot assorted glassware 26/8                              £6-01-08

1 Mahogany Bedstead Hair Mattrass with Bolster & Pillows 100/- 1 Table 6/8

1 Looking Glass 6/8 1 Bason Stand 6/8 4 Water jars 6/8                  £6-06-08

2 doz Large Tablecloths 240/- 1 1/2 Doz middle size Tablecloths 90/-

2 Doz Breakfast Cloths 180/- a Lot Crockery ware 80/-                  £29-10-00

1 Sett Breakfast Cups & Saucers 40/- A Legacy bequeathed under the Will

of Christian Allen with Interest from 8 June 1811 £31-10-0             £33-10-00

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------£132-07-06

In obedience to the Warrant of appraisement hereunto annexed we have inventoried and appraised all and Singular the Goods and Chattels rights and Credits which were of Jane Charlotte Beckford deceased as they were shewn unto us by Ann Eliza French her administratix or which we knew belonged to the said Deceased at the time of her death and we do find the same amount to the sum of One hundred and thirty two pounds seven shillings and sixpence Current money of Jamaica as will more particularly appear above Given our hands and seals this 27^th day of January annoque Domini 1829--Isaac Lopes--William Oliver

Note Very much an ongoing establishment--with 6 Mahogany Bedsteads, 19 High back Dining Chairs, tablecloths, crockery etc—presumably being run by daughter Ann Eliza Ffrench    (Original in Appendix 10)

30,30a,31a,31b 1786 MapS  Spanish Town & key                                                                 

Why did so many European men take coloured mistresses? See below from Major Frederick Johnston who wrote to his wife(in England) in 1794;

"The English mulatto women are the handsomest, they have all the finest teeth I ever saw and they take a great deal of care of them, cleaning them twice a day with Tamarin wood, indeed I am sorry to say that all together they are more cleanly than my fair Country Women. I can assure you the English women that are here are quite Nasty to look at. They give one the idea of a person that has been buried and risen again. It is quite the fashion for everybody....to have one of these princesses to live with them as housekeepers or Nurses....for I am given to understand that unless you are taken care of by them you must die for as soon as you are ill all your friends desert you for fear of infection..."

Despite all this, &  a year after their 4th child Ann Eliza was born by Jane Charlotte Beckford in 1787, George I Ffrench (aged 46) married Elizabeth Ann Jackson in Kingston 31 Jan 1788.

31

Marriage Of George I Ffrench & Elizabeth Ann Jackson

 She appears to be the daughter of Chief Justice William Jackson. They had son John in 1789 & Henry in 1793- John died St Catherines 4 Jan 1790

32 John French dies Age 1

George I died “of the dropsy” 13 Feb 1795. Note the causes of death for others at the same time—mainly “fever” but also “age” “decay” “murder” “decline”  and “effects of licquor” Healthy life styles!

33 George I French Clerk of the Assembly died 13 Feb 1795 St Catherine

 His Will leaves everything to his "dear wife Elizabeth Ann" and his "minor son Henry" (aged 2)-- older son John having already  died.

1795  Will  of  George  French  Esq Jamaica Is.   In the name of God Amen I George French of the Parish of Saint Catherine in the County of Middlesex and Island of Jamaica Esquire do make publish this to be my last will and testament in manner and form following that is to say I will and desire that my just debts and funeral expenses be paid off and satisfied as soon as conveniently maybe by my Executrix and Executors herein after named and as to such estate and Effects that I may die possessed of I give devise and bequeath unto my dear wife Elizabeth Ann French and my beloved son Henry French all such my Estate real personal or mi**(?) of what nature or kind soever or where so ever the same may be at the time of my decease to be equally divided between my wife and son share and share alike to hold as tenants in common and not as joint tenants but in case of the death of either my said wife or my said son before he attains the age of twenty one years then the part and share either of them so dying to go to the survivor her or his heirs and assigns forever and I do hereby nominate constitute and appoint my said wife Elizabeth Ann French and Francis Rigby Brodbilt Esquire and Alexander Aikman of the parish of Kingston Esquire Executrix and Executors of this my last will and testament and Guardian of my said son Henry French until he attain the age of twenty one years, and I do revoke and make void all former and other wills by me at anytime heretofore made and declare this only to be my last will and testament In witness whereof I the said George French have to this my last will and testament set my hand and seal this thirty first day of January in the year of our lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety five  Signed sealed published and declared by the testator George French  Geo ffrench SEAL as and for his last will and testament in the presence of us who at his request and in his presence and in each others presence have subscribed our names as witnesses to the same

R R Parker                Thos’ Talbot                                   Stevens Wood

(The Slave Registers of 1817 also list a George Ffrench, b. ca. 1785, creole, slave (one of 12) living in St. George, Jamaica, the property of Elizabeth Ann Ffrench on 28 Jun 1817. He was then 32 years old so possibly George I’s son with a plantation slave mother)

When Elizabeth Ann, his widow makes her will she does not mention Henry--as he had died too, aged 7, of a "sore throat". How desperate to lose both sons—there were of course no synthetic medicines then.

34 Henry French child  died 18 Jan 1800

 St Catherine’s Aged 7

Will of Elizabeth Ann Ffrench dated 10 Aug 1825

10/- Jamaica Is --   George the fourth by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King  and of Jamaica Lord, Defender of the Faith & so onTo our trusty and well-beloved John Biggar and James Forsyth Esquires

Know ye that we have constituted authorised and appointed and by these presents do constitute authorise and appoint ye or either of ye to administer an oath unto George Barnett of the City and Parish of Kingston Gentlemen or any other that are witnesses and can make oath of the signing sealing publishing and declaring of the last will and testament of Elizabeth Ann Ffrench late of the parish of Kingston widow deceased and hereof you or either of you are to make a due return under your or either of your hands and seals unto our Captain General and Governor in Chief of the said Island or to the Governor and Commander in chief of the same for the time with this power annexed

Witness His Grace William Duke of Manchester Captain General and Governor in Chief of our said Island at St Jago de la Vega (SpanishTown)  the 26^th day of August Anno q Domini 1825 and in the sixth year of our reign (sgnd) Manchester   Passed Secretary’s office  W. Bullock  Secretary  

Jamaica Island  The execution of the within    Dedimus Potestatem appears by the Will and probate thereof hereunto annexed. Given under my hand this 23^rd day of September 1825  (sgnd)  I Forsyth Ffrench Elizabeth A  Entr’d 15^th Oct 1825

Jamaica Is -- In the name of God Amen I Elizabeth Ann Ffrench of the City and Parish of Kingston in the County of Surry and Island aforesaid Widow being of sound and disposing mind memory and understanding do make publish and declare my last Will and Testament in manner and form following. That is to say Imprimis I will and direct that all my just debts and funeral and testamentary expences be fully paid and satisfied as soon as conveniently can be after my decease And for such purpose I do hereby direct and authorise and empower my Executrix and Executor hereinafter named to enter upon and take possession of my coffee plantation or settlement called The Cottage situate in the Parish of St Andrew in the County of Surry and Island aforesaid and to contract for and actually sell and dispose of the said plantation or settlement as soon as possible after my decease and to grant and execute to the Purchaser thereof good and sufficient title thereto and if need be to allow unto the purchaser thereof a reasonable time for the payment or part payment thereof and I do hereby declare that the receipt of my Executrix and Executor hereinafter named shall be a good and sufficient discharge to the purchaser or purchasers thereof for any monies therein expressed and that such purchaser or  purchasers shall not be answerable or accountable for the non-application or misapplication of such purchase money.

And it is my will and desire that my debts and funeral and testamentary expenses be paid and discharged out of the proceeds of such Sale in preference to my personal estate.

I hereby manumise enfranchise and forever set free of and from all servitude slavery and bondage my Negro Woman Slaves named Elizabeth Dowling and Jane Waters to hold such Manumission Enfranchisement and Freedom unto the said Elizabeth Dowling and Jane Waters and their future issue offspring and increase forever.

I give devise and bequeath unto Samuel Bruce Smith my mulatto man slave named George Simpson to hold to his heirs and assigns forever but it is my will and desire and I do hereby direct that in case the said Mulatto slave named George Simpson shall at any time hereafter during the minority of the said Samuel Bruce Smith be able to purchase his freedom either by himself or with the assistance of his friends that such freedom be granted to him upon a reasonable sum being paid to the said Samuel Bruce Smith and I do hereby authorise my Executrix and Executor to execute and deliver all necessary deeds and instruments whatsoever for such purpose but in the event of the said Samuel Bruce Smith departing this life before he shall attain his age of 21 years or before the said Mulatto boy George Simpson shall have purchased his freedom as aforesaid I then give devise and bequeath the said slave unto Rachel Smith (was Rachel Smith her married sister?) of the said city and parish of Kingston Widow the mother of the said Samuel Bruce Smith to hold to her and his heirs and assigns forever but subject to the like condition and power to the said slave to purchase his freedom from the said Rachel Smith.(signed) E A Ffrench

Whereas I am entitled under the will of my late uncle John Jackson (her maiden name) to a legacy of £2000 now I give and bequeath £200 thereof unto Mrs Elizabeth Dallas (another sister?) the widow of the late Stuart George Dallas Esq.I give and bequeath one hundred pounds   thereof to Samuel Jackson Dallas Esq.I give and bequeath £200 thereof to the Rev Robert William Dallas the present Rector of Manchester but it is (my) express will and intention that the said last three mentioned legacies shall be only  paid  and payable out of the said legacy of £2000(if ever the same should be paid) & not out of any other part of my real or personal estate  I give and bequeath all my wearing apparel unto the said Rachel Smith.

All the rest residue and  remainder of my estate real personal and mixt I give devise and bequeath the same and every part thereof unto Elizabeth Martha Smith, Jane Smith, James William Smith, Frances Smith and Samuel Bruce Smith, daughter and sons of the said Rachel Smith or such of them as shall be living at the time of my decease to be divided among them share and share alike to hold to them and to the Survivors orSurvivor of them and to the heirs executors administrators and assigns of such survivor forever.

And lastly I do hereby nominate constitute and appoint the said Rachel Smith and her son James William Smith Executrix and Executor of this my said will hereby revoking all former and other wills by me at anytime heretofore made and declaring this only to be and contain my last Will and Testament.

In witness hereof I have to the first sheet of this my Will set and subscribed my hand and to the second and last sheet thereof set and subscribed my hand and affixed my seal this tenth day of August 1825                       (signed)     E A Ffrench 

An E A Ffrench dies Kingston 15 Aug 1825

Generation 3 To Summarise-Children of George I Ffrench ;

 with Jane Charlotte Beckford,

 George II Ffrench , b. 9 June 1777 died ??, was the quadroon son of Jane Charlotte Beckford and George I Ffrench. To be schooled in England.

 Edward I  Ffrench , b. 7 Oct 1782 d 7 Sep1835, was the quadroon son of Jane Charlotte Beckford and George I Ffrench. To be schooled in England.

Robert I Ffrench  b 1784 m Letitia Dunn spinster,("late Lindo " ie née?) d 11 Oct 1835 both described as  "Free persons of colour"

Ann Eliza Ffrench b 1787 Jane Charlotte Beckford’s Administratix

 d 13 Oct 1835 or 1845 ? Manchester?

with  Elizabeth Ann Jackson Ffrench

John Ffrench b 1789 d 4 Jan 1790

Henry Ffrench b 21 Oct 1793 d 18 Jan 1800

Chapter 4

Generation 4

RobertI   "a free quadroon" married Letitia Dunn Lindo Ffrench "a free bro(wn)" had 6 children—all baptized Kingston. They were “Free persons of colour”.

Arthur I  born 23rd June 1813; RobertII ,born 2 June 1817; George III ,born 30 Dec 1819;  Edward II  born 6 Feb 1822 , Maria Moore born 8 Dec 1826(at Foster Lane-the family home?) & Alexander Dunn b 9 Dec 1828

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43  Arthur i, RobertII, GeorgeIII, EdwardII, maria moore, Alexander dunn baptisms

(Maria’s death notice also shows her to be a sister of GeorgeIII and confirms a birth year of 1826. She became a teacher at Wolmer’s school then matron of the Kingston Naval Hospital in 1875. She married John Moore of Swanswick Estate Trelawney and died in 1918

44 Maria Moore’s death Notice

When George & Eliza’s son Alfred Ernest marries in 1886 one witness is Thomasina Moore Ffrench. She is likely to be Maria Moore Ffrench’s 2^nd dau.

At present we know nothing about  Arthur I b 1813 or Robert II b 1817 or Alexander Dunn. My ancestor George III’s story is in Chapter 5.

Edward II Ffrench was  b 6 Feb 1822  Did he school in Kingston and after leaving, work for his father Robert or in the Militia perhaps? His older brother George III  had joined the Portland Tax Dept in 1847 aged 27; 

Before 13 Aug 1851 Edward II was presumably living at the family home in Foster Lane  Kingston. Edward spent “2 days out of Jamaica” that year—Cuba? Haiti?

 Edward II was appointed on 13 Aug 1851 as "acting clerk to the sub-(tax) collector Port Morant" aged 29 at £150 pa  by the Governor. His £100 security bond was provided by  brother George “Clerk Vestry Portland” & John Joseph Duval of St Andrews. Perhaps George III got him his job?

In 1854 he was promoted to Sub-Collector and Lands Waiter and Searcher for Morant Bay @ £225 pa.. His bond was increased to £500 and George Ffrench's name on the bond was replaced by John Burger, watchmaker, Kingston.

20 May 1857 he was   married by Rev John Radcliffe to Sarah Harrison Buchan in the Kingston Kirk(Presbyterian) Witnesses Hon A(lexander) Barclay and Jno Naro(?)

45 Edward II Ffrench & sarah Harrison Buchan marriage certificate

In Oct 1858 he is promoted to Sub-Collector, Old Harbour (the other side of Kingston).Security now from John Burger and William Andrews Attorney-at-law. He remained there  till 1860, when he disappears without comment from the Civil Service Blue Books. Perhaps some financial misdeed because, on 9 June 1866 Edward Ffrench, Kingston is included  in a list of names in the Gleaner of "Insolvents". In Jan 1867 his "bail is enlarged" by the Surry Insolvent Debtors Court.

When in 1876 Arthur George marries Frances Ann Glave in Manchester Witnesses are FW Bonitto + Jno Sawyers there are  no Ffrench’s present.

In December 1879 both George Ffrench in Portland & Arthur in  St Catherines take long leave on half-pay. Why? Coincidence? To care for their dying brother/uncle Edward II?

On 10 March 1880 Edward II dies a widower aged 59, "much & deservedly regretted" per the Gleaner notice. On the death certificate his occupation was “lumber measurer”(probably learned from his time at Port Morant)The informant is George III Ffrench, brother, of 16 Foster Lane, Kingston  (the Ffrench family home for 50+years).

46  EdwardII Ffrench’s death record

In May 1896 his name appears on a Government Notice of estates forfeited to the Govt because of non-claimants for £6-13-10d. No will found yet.

Curiously in 1850 an unidentified George Ffrench died at Foster lane aged 34—maybe the son of one of Robert & Letitia’s other sons?

Chapter 5

GeorgeIII Ffrench,  b.30 Dec 1819, d. 7 May 1897

Presumably like brother Edward he grew up in Robert & Letitia’s home in Foster Lane Kingston. Where did he school? What did he do between 1837 & 1847? Ie after leaving school before getting his job in Portland aged 28? Robert & Letitia were “free coloureds” so at birth George III would be too

George III  moved from Kingston to Portland in 1847 joining the Colonial Administration  as Collector of Taxes --& paid partly on commission! Two years later he gets married to Eliza Minot

George III “Clerk of the Vestry of this Parish” was  married by Licence by Rev J Stone Rector to  Eliza Minot in Portland on 4 Jan 1849.

47  Marriage George Ffrench/Eliza Minot

 Who was Eliza Minot? We have not found her baptism but her mother was Maria Shirley, seamstress at her death, born around 1800 died 1885.

47A Maria Shirley Death informant Alfred Ernest Ffrench,grandson

An abstract of Alfred’s birth record was produced after his death by RGD, Spanish Town. It says his mother was Eliza Ffrench born 23 Feb 1827 at Hermitage Estate, Hope Bay. So did Maria Shirley have Eliza with  father “Unknown” Minot, plantation owner/manager? The Minot Estate is quite close,  further inland up the Rio Grande

Maria might have been a slave. The 1817 return of Slave Registers of former British Colonial Dependencies shows a Maria (Kirkland) age 11, "sambo"& “creole”; her mother Betty 29  as"negro"& "african"--- (African ie off a slave ship);

9 years later the 1826 return shows Maria Kirkland 20  "sambo", her daughter an Eliza Minot 1 1/2 yrs  "mulatto", creole (ie born in Jamaica); & her mother Betty Ann Kirkland 38, "African"---

The return was signed by attorney Philip P Kirkland, Parish of St George. Kirkland’s estate was called  “Paradise”, adjacent to Hermitage.

By the 1829 return Betty has gone, Maria ("alias Mariah Kirkland") is 22, Eliza Minot is 3--both about then "manumised" ie freed. This would make Eliza Minot 23 in 1849 when she married George III

In 1925 Eliza's son Alfred Ernest Ffrench talks of his grandmother"Maria Shirley" ’s humble origins; is this Maria Kirkland? He said “she never expected to have a grandson who would have gained such a position in the confidence of the people”. David L Ffrench believed Eliza’s  family name was Shirley and that she came from the Rio Grande Valley behind Port Antonio. There is a plantation called Minots there. Paradise is slightly west of here but still close to the Rio Grande.

In a 1903 court case (Plaintiff FChampier) George & Eliza’s son Edward Shafto Ffrench describes the plaintiff as a half-sister of his mother Eliza. So did Maria Shirley first have Eliza with Mr Minot? Then Frances,George & Maria Griffiths Champier with Mr Champier?

47a locations of Paradise, Hermitage & Minot Estates

48 49 Slave Returns Eliza, maria, Betty

50   Advertisement from  the Dec 1803 Jamaica Royal Gazette for sale of Slaves

Both Arthur George & Alfred Ernest Ffrench named children “Shirley” ie Peter Shirley ffrench & Shirley Lorraine Ffrench ,

We believe GeorgeIII & Eliza Minot’s children were 2 daughters & 5 sons; the only one whose baptism we have found is the first Robert who died young & the above extract for Alfred Ernest. The latter’s baptism was in the Wesleyan Methodist Church, Port Antonio by Rev Daniel Pinnock .As no trace of Wesleyan records has yet been found this might explain the missing baptism  records for George & Eliza’s

So we believe the children  to be(by birth year);-

31 Oct 1849  Robert Burke Ffrench who died 4 May  1850 at 6 months

1851    Arthur George Ffrench. The year comes from UK census records.. David L Ffrench stated Arthur George was (his grandfather) Alfred Ernest’s older brother. David knew Arthur’s dau “Fan” (The Duchess) who taught him to waltz!    The matching DNA tests taken by living Michael Ffrench & Simon Ffrench prove  they have a recent common ancestor ie George III

Another indication that Arthur was George III’s son is that George III when in financial difficulties around 1890  mortgaged for pnds300 a property he owned to Eliza(beth) Glave b 1853 who was Arthur’s wife Frances’s sister--- ie Arthur's sister-in-law lent George III money. Why unless “family”?

1853    Anna Maria Ffrench  who died  10 Jan 1881 at 28

1855?  Edward Shafto Burke Ffrench, Joined Tax Dept1873. d aft 1923 68+

1856    Letitia Emily Ffrench  died  10 Nov 1869 of Typhoid “at 13”.

1858    Hedley John Cecil Ffrench  died  31 Mar 1864 at 6

23 Apr1861 Alfred Ernest Ffrench.  He became JP, MP, and MBE. He got the MBE during WWI for work with the Red Cross. He was a member of the Legislative Council. He died 24 Apr 1926 at 65. There is a long obituary in Gleaner. We have traced many of his living descendants down to great grandchildren, living in the USA Canada Australia and Jamaica

David L Ffrench understood there was also a Laura and a Charles/Samuel but we found no trace of them

Only 3 of George & Eliza’s 7 children outlived their parents.

 (Another George French owned  sugar estates, Queenhithe and Tobalskie(about 5500acres)in St Ann's on the North coast of Jamaica near Runaway bay and Ocho Rios and Rooksby Park but he appears to be an absentee owner from Kent, England and unconnected)

By 1857 George III was also an Ensign in the volunteer militia army for Portland; by 1865 a lieutenant, then Captain. George III Ffrench’s name appears all over the Almanacs( to which he contributed for Portland), the Gleaner etc. This after the 1865 Rebellion;-

50a Lieut George III Ffrench after the 1865 Rebellion

30b George III in Jamaica Militia Uniform

1866   Eliza his wife, and their daughters Anna Maria  and Letitia Emily  were signatories to one of the  thank-you letters of support to the “now infamous” Governor Eyre from the Ladies of Port Antonio and Manchioneal for saving them from the insurgents rebellion. George III signs a similar letter of support for Governor Eyre expressing “deep indignation at the misrepresentations” made.

George III Ffrench  owned property in Portland, eg Mount Pleasant(805 acres), True Blue(300acres).4 July 1867 "The Colonial Standard" reported George's vain attempt to clear his land at Mount Pleasant, Portland of squatters.

51 Here is a photo of George III Ffrench

52  And here is Eliza Minot Ffrench

53

Plan of Port Antonio where they lived

7 January 1868 There is an amazing account of a shipwreck off Cuba over Christmas 1867 written by George III himself.

He writes he was with "his 2 sons". These were probably Edward III Shafto (aged 13) and Alfred Ernest (aged 6+). Arthur George would be 16/17 and had possibly already  left home.(Alternatively this remark might imply that Arthur George was GeorgeIII Ffrench's “spare” child ie illegitimate. As Ansell Hart later wrote “every proud mother was only too prone to register the name of the father of her illegitimate child”)

54  George III is ship-wrecked!

When St George Parish was merged with Portland around 1867/8 George was offered Clarendon but successfully objected. He received a  pension.

55  George is to be transferred but refuses!

56  1870 Promoted to 2^nd Class clerk aged 50

Feb 28 1870 In the Colonial Standard a valedictory address from the good & great of Port Antonio, "accompanied by bumpers of champagne" 

57 Valedictory Address on George's promotion to Westmoreland parish "after an extended residence in Port Antonio of nearly a quarter of a century" (ie from 1846/7)

 He remained at Sav la Mar, Westmoreland  for 10 years and became proprietor of a property there called “Blue Hole” & a lessee of Roslyn Lodge Pens. His salary was £400 per year plus a £50 housing allowance--a serious amount at the time.  Dec 1879  he took long leave on half pay-- at the same time as Arthur George—to look after his dying brother Edward?

Apr 1880 aged 60 he retired on pension & moved to Kingston . He had been a JP, Captain of the Portland Volunteers, Parochial Board member, Clerk of the Vestry of the Parish of Portland, etc. and a well-respected worthy citizen. 

1890 aged 70, & despite substantial pensions and assets, George III seems to have got into financial difficulties with foreclosures on properties he owned eg Mount Pleasant Estate, 805 acres in Portland.

May 1891(aged 69) he is elected to the Kingston City Council

1893 He is the defendant over a disputed Bill of Exchange for £331.

Sept 17th 1896 per Gleaner He seems to have been somewhat cantankerous,  falling out with the Mayor of Kingston, but takes on a short-term role as acting clerk Portland Parish that year.

1897 A messy bankruptcy

7 May 1897 he died aged 78 at 2 Harbour St, Kingston. No will  found yet but he was bankrupt. The informant was solicitor Thadeous Rudolph McMillan “who caused the body to be buried”. Why no family present?

58 GeorgeIII Ffrench’s death certificate

 His son, the 36 years old Alfred E. Ffrench MP,JP, was his administrator and had to sort out the mess. George’s widow  Eliza Minot Ffrench died a year later in 1898, also in Kingston. Here's George's obituary;

59   GeorgeIII Ffrench’s obituary from “The Colonies & India”

Chapter 6

Generation 5-- Issue of George Ffrench III & Eliza (Minot) Ffrench,

Sources We have put this summary together largely from articles in the Gleaner and The Colonial Standard

George & Eliza Minot Ffrench  were married 4 Jan 1849 (LDS  film 1291729 Vol 5 fo 254) by Rector John C Stone

Child 1) Robert Burke Ffrench  was born  31 Oct 1849 bap 4 Jan 1850 abode Port Antonio (LDS film 1291717 vol 12 fo 257) Rector WJ Cavard. Robert died 4 May 1850 (buried Port Antonio churchyard).

60 Baptism of Robert Burke Ffrench in Portland Parish   (not St George)

Child 2) Arthur George Ffrench born 1851 per UK censuses

Child 5) Letitia Emily The Gleaner of Nov 19th 1869 "at Port Antonio on the 10th inst of Typhoid fever at the early age of 16 years Letitia (after George's mother) Emily  the second daughter of George Ffrench" . If she was 16  she was born 1853.   But burial record 11 Nov 1869  film 1291717 vol 7 fo 33 says age 13 so born 1856. POR 1856 ENF 1847-1870. Rector Wm Smith

Per Colonial Standard : 18^th November 1869.  Page 2, col. 3 “DIED At Port Antonio on Wednesday the 10^th instant, of Typhoid Fever, a the early age of 16 years, LETITIA EMILY, the second daughter of Mr. GEORGE FFRENCH.”

Child 3 ) Anna Maria In the letter to Governor Eyre of 1 Jan 1866(Google Books) there are signatures from "Eliza Ffrench, Ann M Ffrench & Emily Letitia Ffrench". Per Colonial Standard  19^th January 1881.  Page 2, col. 2 "DIED At Port Antonio on the 10th instant ANNA MARIA, Eldest daughter of GEORGE & ELIZA FFRENCH in the 28th year of her age, much and deservedly regretted."  So Ann M(aria-after her grandmother) Ffrench must have been first daughter—born say 1853

61 Letter supporting Governor Eyre from the Ladies of Port Antonio re the Mourant uprising

Child 4 ) Edward Shafto Ffrench On May 6 1903 in a Gleaner  article on "The Portland Case" there is a witness called "EdwardIII Shafto(n) Ffrench , a son of Mr George Ffrench...His mother(ie Eliza Minot Ffrench) was half sister to the plaintiff(Miss Frances Champier)" “Edward lived with his father George Ffrench” Edward S Ffrench was in the Tax Dept joining 28 May 1873 as second class clerk St Ann per the Blue Book. If he was 18 then, E S Ffrench was born in 1855. Alternative names are Edward Shafto Burke/or Buchan Ffrench viz Gleaner 1 Mar 1913 "In the Supreme Court etc.....Gertrude Emily Ffrench the wife of Edward Shafto Buchan Ffrench...etc"

In the Colonial Standard ;

Child 6) Hedley John Cecil  7^th April 1864.  Page 2, col. 1 “DIED At Tichfield, Portland, on Thursday 31^st ultimo, HEDLEY JOHN CECIL, third son of GEORGE FFRENCH, Esq. aged 6 years.” So Born about 1858

Child 7) Alfred Ernest Ffrench  born  23 Apr 1861 per copy record from RGD

Per Colonial standard of 7^th January 1868.  Page 2, cols. 4, 5 & 6        “Wreck of the Schooner Fanny of Port Antonio”.

“Mr. Geo. Ffrench of Port Antonio arrived in Kingston on Friday last with his two sons and the Captain and crew of the Schr. “Fanny” which vessel was wrecked off Cuba on the 21^st ultimo.” The two ship-wrecked sons were probably Edward III Shafto and Alfred Ernest  & not Arthur George who would be 16/17 then

 In the Tri-Weekly Gleaner of Thursday Nov 18 1897(after George Ffrench had died 11 Feb 1897) there is reported a supreme Court Case where "A E Ffrench was the representative of the estate of George Ffrench, being the Administrator"."Mr Johnson said.(he)...represented George Ffrench up to his death....then he represented a son who became Administrator(A E Ffrench).

children  Per Who's Who in Jamaica 1916  "Alfred Ernest Ffrench born Port Antonio  23 Feb 1861 Son of the late George Ffrench,Collector of Taxes and Eliza Ffrench. Staunch Roman Catholic.”

62 Isadora’s baptism & her marriage to Alfred-(both times in Anglican churches)

Note witness Thomasina Moore Ffrench

62A Alfred Ernest Ffrench

              62B ISADORA MAUD BURKE MOODIE

An elegant, striking lady; but not an easy-going lady per  her reputation;

62c  Isadora’s father Peter Alex Moodie

Alfred & Isadora had 8 children

Per a 1923 Gleaner article he is quoted when electioneering "Now stop a little, 39 years ago (ie 1884 aged 23) I married a dark Portland lady (Isadora Maud Burke Moodie)...  I have 8 children by that marriage...."   

 We found 9 but one died young;

1885 Helen(Nellie)  62 E

27 Dec 1886 George IV  62 F

23 Jan 1889 Shafto Moodie  62 G

17 Aug 1890 Ernest Minott died young   ?

16 Jul 1892 Frankie  62D

March 1896 Enid Claire  62H

3 May 1900 Leslie St Clair  62 I

8 Jan 1902 Shirley Lorraine  62 J

9 May 1905 Corinne Elise  62 K

                     62D  Frankie Ffrench

                   62e  Helen (Nellie) Ffrench

                             62 F  George IV Ffrench     

                       62g  Shafto Moodie

                          62h  Enid Claire

            62 I       Leslie St Clair Ffrench

                       62J Shirley Lorraine

62 K  Corrine ( Dark skirt In the middle)

 Per his death cert copy Alfred Ernest  died 24 Apr 1926 “aged 60”(?-he was actually 65) certified by his son Shafto Moodie Ffrench

There are various Ffrench surnamed children born/died in Portland around the time George III is living there that we cannot place—perhaps George III or Edward II’s “spares”? or their siblings’ issue ie Arthur I, Robert or Alexander Dunn’s?

1-George Henry Ffrench born 8 Mar 1849 before GeorgeIII’s marriage.The mother is named as Ann Buckley  & the father unnamed-- & GeorgeIII Ffrench would have been known to the baptizing rector Cavard—but perhaps he was being discreet?

63 George Henry Ffrench’s baptism

2-Frederick Horatio Ffrench  b 12 May 1850 mother “Elizabeth Minot”.Too soon after Robert-- no  father named on baptism. Cavard Rector              64 Frederick Horatio Ffrench baptism

3-Charles Arthur Ffrench, b 5 Nov 1869 Port Antonio bap 29 May 1870, mother Mary Ann Bryan who died 19 Oct 1879 aged 20?? Could he be an illegitimate son of GeorgeIII—or even of Arthur George then packed off to St Catherine's to join Tax Dept? David L Ffrench thought there was a son of George III named Charles.A George Ffrench born about 1840 dies 1879 Port Antonio  (No Image)

65 1879 A Mary Ann Bryan AGED “20”? Dies & a George Ffrench dies aged 39—both Port Antonio --who can they be?

Chapter 7 Arthur George Ffrench

In the absence of a baptism we established Arthur’s birth year from the 1891 English Census return—age 40, his English death certificate--54 in 1905 and the SpanishTown Freemasons records—25 in 1876

Arthur George Ffrench’s 1851birth date puts him neatly between Robert Burke1849 and Anna Maria 1853. Further he became a Tax Collector—like his father George III. David L Ffrench, who knew Arthur’s 2^nd dau “Fan”,  said he believed Arthur George was an elder  brother of his grandfather Alfred Ernest & a coffee planter in Manchester parish. ie Heavitree . And from the DNA match between my brother Simon and Michael Ffrench (documented descendant of George III Ffrench) we know  that they have a common ancestor—this would confirm Arthur as  GeorgeIII’s son

We do not know where he was schooled—Titchfield in Port Antonio?, but he must have been smart. In Sep 1870 aged 18 Arthur appears in the Jamaica Civil Service Annual Blue Books for the first time as 2nd class clerk, Tax Dept, Spanish Town, St Catherine.

So we are surmising  that he, like Edward III Shafto Burke/Buchan Ffrench,  got the job through family connections eg  tax-collector “uncle/father?” George Ffrench III or Edward II Ffrench  However George III seems the more likely as EdwardII had left the Tax dept by 1867 & had become bankrupt before Arthur joined in1870.

1^st Jan 1873 Arthur George was promoted to 1^st class clerk .In Apr 1874 he was “ordered to Manchester to act as Asst Collector of Taxes” for 6 months where, aged 23, he met and 3 months later in June 1874 impregnated  Frances(Fanny) Ann Glave , heiress, she aged 29!

Nov 1874 he was transferred back to Spanish Town. His daughter with Fanny, ie Kathleen was born in March 1875-illegitimate & “colored”. In 1875 he appears in the Blue Books briefly called  George  Arthur Ffrench. He is living in King Street Spanish Town, big houses just off the main square.

66 67 68 69 70 King Street just off the main Spanish Town square plus King St houses.

Jan 1876 Arthur George Ffrench  joined the Spanish Town Freemasons

In February 1876 despite the above liaison with Fanny., & aged 25, he impregnated my spinster great-grandmother Jane Victoria Smith, aged 36, a local businesswoman.

15^th Nov 1876 Jane had son Ernest George Ffrench  (my grandfather).  She had him baptized by Rev Chas Douet-an establishment figure-- in Spanish Town where Arthur worked clearly naming him as the father “Clerk of Municipal Board” and giving the address Spanish Town although she was more probably living in East St., Kingston at the time. Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned etc….Perhaps she had been living with him as” House Keeper”  not knowing that his intended was “upcountry”?Or perhaps it was just a casual affair.

On 29^th Nov 1876 Arthur “Clerk of Municipal Board, St Catherines” aged 25 was married by Rev WJ Drought by licence to  Frances(Fanny) Ann Glave of Heavitree, aged 31 in (the now ruined) Duppy Church, Mile Gully, Manchester! (Duppy is Jamaican for ghost).Witnesses Jno Sawers & FW Bonitto—ie no Ffrench’s were present.

71 Arthur George Ffrench & Frances Ann Glave Marriage Record

See next page…

1877 Arthur gets Frances(Fanny)  pregnant again(dau named Frances “Fan” Eliza –Frances after her mother-- Eliza after Eliza Minot perhaps?) David L Ffrench often met Fan & her 2 daughters).Fan taught him to waltz!

1878 Arthur  is appointed Executor to the Estate of Sophia Galway,widow & Lodging Housekeeper of Mandeville, Manchester.Arthur attends inauguration new Custos Isaac Levy as . Hon Sec Hamilton Lodge Freemasons

Mar 1879 Arthur gets Fanny pregnant (son named St George Moore— many Irish “Arthur St George Ffrench”s—Moore after Arthur’s Aunt Maria Moore?

Dec1879 Arthur takes 6+ months leave on half-pay(same time as George III-coincidence?) Why? Paternity leave??!! Or looking after his dying widower “Uncle” Edward II?

25 Nov 1880 Elected Member of the Institute of Jamaica, Kingston

Feb 1881 Arthur gets Fanny pregnant(son Arthur Peter Ffrench –named Arthur after father-Peter after ??)= Living Don & Donna Jones’ Grandfather

5 June 1883 Arthur is rRidiculed in the Gleaner for his “Literary Society”

72  Ffrench’s Literary Society

March 1884 Arthur gets Fanny pregnant Stephen Shirley Glave Ffrench.Note Shirley- a name that Alfred Ernest also uses for a son and which might be a name of Eliza Minot.    1884/5 Arthur voted Master of the Freemasons Hamilton Lodge 6 Sept 1884

See this Fund Raiser for the Masons where both GeorgeIII Ffrench & A G Ffrench are listed— a family connection?

73  Arthur & George at the Masonic

73A Arthur George Ffrench abt 1885 with daughter Kathleen(10?) & Frances (?)

Courtesy David L Ffrench

           73b Arthur George Ffrench 1885 

28 July 1885 His name appears on the advertised Tender for the Parish of St Catherine re the Ewarton Railway.

73C  Tender

22 July 1886 A letter to the Gleaner  about a suspicious theft of £300 from Arthur’s office—the money “later found in the possession of a young fellow whom Mr Ffrench entertains” . Implying what exactly? Was he gay?

Oddly no further mention in the Gleaner. 

74 A bare-faced robbery

Dec 1886 According to the Blue Books Arthur was  “ dismissed” . According to  the Colonial Standard (published in Kingston, Jamaica & Extracted and indexed  by Stephen D. Porter, from microfilm, at the Newspaper Library, Colindale, London.) 

1887, Friday 28th January; page 2, col 5

"Official Announcements. In consequence of the absence from the island, without leave, of Mr. A. G. Ffrench, Clerk of the Parochial Board of St. Catherine, His Excellency the Governor has declared that office vacant."

1887, Tuesday 26th April; page 2, col 2

"Mr. A. G. Ffrench. It may prove of interest to some parties to learn of the whereabouts of the late Clerk of the Parochial Boards of St. Catherine. We are in a position to state that on the 28th ultimo, he was in London, but he intended leaving for Australia in the early part of the present month. Our information adds, that it may be some months before Mr. Ffrench returns to Jamaica."

No immigration record of his arrival into the UK (or Australia) has been found but four years later;

1891 UK Census shows an Arthur Ffrench aged 39 (born  1851 Jamaica, West Indies), clerk, "married" but living alone as a lodger in a mens' hostel in Whitechapel, East London called  The Charles William Mowl Victoria Home.

Per Wikipedia;- Large lodging house at 39-41 Commercial St, east London situated on the south-western corner with Wentworth St. Registered in November 1887, it was run at that time by Augustus Wilkie of 77 Whitechapel Road and was originally licensed to house 370 male lodgers, though expansion allowed for an increase in occupants within a short time. In 1888, a press report outlined its intentions and its initial success:

"It was with a view to ameliorate the condition of the poor that Lord Radstock and other gentlemen, with a purely philanthropic motive, acquired two years since a warehouse of four floors in Commercial-street, at the corner of Wentworth-street, and converted it into a model lodging-house. The success of the venture led to the acquisition of the adjoining premises, and the number of beds now provided is 500. In every respect this lodging-house - the only one of its sort in London - deserves to be imitated. First, its charges are low - viz., 4d for a single bed, or 2s per week; and 6d for a "cabin," or 3s per week. Each bed has two blankets, two sheets, and a quilt; the bedstead is of iron, and a kind of shield at the head affords a certain degree of privacy. The floor space is partitioned into rooms, containing each ten or a dozen beds; whilst in the "cabins" there is only one. A "casual" ward for the reception of newcomers has lately been added, and probationers are transferred thence to floors above.  Many of the lodgers are regulars, but some are birds of passage purely. The lavatory, ventilating, and sanitary arrangements are on an enlightened scale. In the common kitchen food may be cooked at the great fire, or obtained at low charges at the bar, a dinner with vegetables for fourpence, or a bowl of soup for a penny. No known bad characters are admitted. Tickets for beds are issued from five p.m. until 12.30 midnight, and after that hour if a man wants to get in he must have a pass. It is by these rules, especially, and by the exclusion of women, that the Victoria Home is so greatly to be preferred to the most modern and "improved" of the lodging-houses which are strictly commercial undertakings."

The rules of the home were such as to deter 'bad characters':

1) No person in a state of intoxication will be on any account admitted.

2) No swearing or obscene language will be tolerated; order and decorum are insisted in the kitchens; silence in the bedrooms.

3) No person will be admitted after one o'clock a.m. without a special pass.

4) Any lodger interfering with the comfort of others is at once ejected.

5) Lodgers who are fortunate enough to possess extra clothing or other personal effects, can leave them in charge of the deputy, who will give a receipt for the same.

6) Baths, warm or cold, can be had in the house. For a warm bath, the charge of one penny is made

In April 1891 it was being run by Charles William Mowl and housed nearly 500 men.

The Victoria Working Men's Home was totally destroyed during an air raid in the Second World War and the site remained empty for many years before being redeveloped as part of the New Holland Estate in the late 1960s.(Tyne Street redevelopment - plans 1964-71 (London Metropolitan Archives)                            

How the mighty have fallen!  From Clerk of the Vestry of St Catherines to this!

75 

 Victoria Working Men's Home, Commercial Street, c.1900

      The 1901 UK Census has Arthur Ffrench aged 46 (ie born 1855 but probably incorrect as would surely be  too young at 15  to join Tax Dept in 1870) born  in Jamaica, "single", Clerk in the  "Guardians Office”.

76  The 1891 and 1901 Censusses showing 1851 or 1855 as Arthur’s D.O.B.

The Guardians was the name of the Wandsworth and Clapham Poor Law Administrators  They ran the WorkHouses in the Borough, looked after orphans—sending many to foster parents in rural Canada, sometimes aged just 10--, giving handouts and getting jobs to persons in need. Arthur first appears in the Guardian Office records as 4^th Assistant Clerk in the Clerks Office from November 1895 up until 8 August 1905 (when he died).Perhaps the Freemasons helped him secure the job?

He was living alone  in one room at 61 Strathblaine Rd, Battersea,Wandsworth,SW11. This house still stands and is now a  nice substantial residence in a good area. The main occupiers in 1901 were a builder, his wife & 9th month old daughter--so Arthur was the "lodger".

77    61 Strathblaine Rd, Wandsworth, London

Arthur, living in Clapham, was described in the Censuses and his death cert as “Occupation- Poor Law Clerk Guardians’ Office”.  The Guardians were the  Trustees appointed in each Borough to administer the Poor Law. They collected the “Poor Law rates” and used the funds to run the local Workhouses where homeless, jobless local persons were employed; to help find homes for orphans(many at this time were shipped off to rural Canada to foster homes); to help place unfortunate young women in work and generally to administer handouts where needed.

Extracts from records at London Metropolitan Archives

Arthur was appointed 21 Nov 1895 as temporary 4^th assistant clerk in the Clerk’s Office at a wage of 30 shillings a week. It is recorded in the Register of Officers 1890-99 ref WaBG194/2 of the Wandsworth & Clapham (Poor Law) Union and in Folio Vol 4 page 496 of the Minute Book of the Guardians, It was reported to the Local Government Board on 31 Dec 1895. His appointment letter was referenced “Form of Query LB6/408” but cannot be traced in the Form of Query files. His appointment was sanctioned by the Local Government Board 4 March 1896—Number of LGB letter 44 (not found).

His salary was increased to 35 shillings a week 10 Mar 1898 per Minute Book 6 page 653 effective 11 March—LGB letter 92. On15 June 1900 a dinner allowance of £15 (p.a.?) in lieu of dinner was added No 166 SR Folio 88. The appointment was made permanent after the purchase by the Guardians of the Tooting Workhouse and he remained employed by the Guardians until his death in August 1905

He died of kidney/cardiac failure at 54--intestate but his estate of £62 was administered by his landlady Emily Ashelford (aged 46 married to a bricklayer 16 years older than herself) .This and a chest of his belongings  reached his widow Frances Ann Glave Ffrench in Jamaica. Her grand daughter Icy-now 90- remembers her father Arthur Peter Ffrench telling her the chest arrived on the United Fruit Cos White ship and that she still has a glass inscribed with Arthur George’s name—perhaps a necessary precaution in the workhouse.A photo of Icy & the glass are in Appendix 14.

And here is his death certificate of 1905- a "Poor Law Clerk" in a poorer part of Clapham, London. He died at 54 of various unpleasant illnesses—rough justice perhaps for someone who messed up so many people's lives;

He had never returned to Jamaica and in a 1904 marriage announcement in the Gleaner for their 2nd daughter, Frances Ann Ffrench nee Glave had actually described him as the "late Arthur George Ffrench"  Perhaps that's why there's no further reference of him in the Gleaner.  David L Ffrench tought he had actually died in Manchester Parish so perhaps the scandal had been covered up by the family. 

78 Arthur George Ffrench death Certificate providing 1851 as D.O.B.

This address  20 Oberstein Rd is only a few hundred yards from 61 Strathblaine Rd but in a much less attractive area and now very run down.

79  20 Oberstein Rd

Arthur had 5 children in all with Frances (Fanny) -the last when she was 39 & he 33. The first, daughter Kathleen, was recorded when  baptised as illegitimate, coloured. The others' colours are not recorded. Donna Cover-Jones great grand daughter in Florida  said  Fanny  considered herself “mulatto”.

They were all born in Heavitree, Mile Gully, Manchester, Jamaica. Heavitree Coffee estate had been  left to Frances by her father Stephen Sharpe Glave, born Yorkshire 1814 died 1 Apr 1873, Jamaica. Frances Ann Ffrench is shown in the 1910 Almanac as the owner of Heavitree. Her father Stephen’s “wife” was Kitty—the housekeeper? See the Glave story in Appendix 14

To summarise;

Generation 6--Children of Arthur George Ffrench

      with Frances (Fanny)  Ann Glave,

 Kathleen Ann Ffrench, b. 10 March 1875 in Heavitree, Manchester, recorded as colored. d ?

Frances “Fan” Eliza Ffrench b 22 Mar 1878 d abt 1940 as D L Ffrench met her when he was a teenager and learned to waltz!

St George Moore Ffrench, b. 9 Dec 1879 in Heavitree, Mile Gully, Manchester. d 11 Dec 1922

Arthur Peter Ffrench, b. 30 Nov 1881 in Heavitree, Mile Gully, Manchester, d Feb1968 Grand-father of Icy, Donna & Don

Stephen Shirley Ffrench, b. 3 Sept 1884. d 16 Mar 1896 of tetanus

with  Jane Victoria Smith,

Lt Col. Ernest George Ffrench   (my hero!)     b. 15 Nov 1876 baptised  in Spanish Town, Jamaica (ie not Kingston) Died 1937 in Kent, UK.

Ernest's maternal ancestors

Chapter 8

Jane Victoria Smith  was born illegitimately 23rd Oct 1840 and baptised in St Catherine's Parish in January 1841.On her baptism record her father was named as"Lieut Smith 64th Regiment" and her mother as Eliza Grant.   Address 49 Wellington Street Spanish Town, St Catherine's.

       80(Extract) & 81   Jane’s Baptism record

82

What her Spanish Town home might have looked like----

Jane Victoria Smith's Parents;

a) Jane's father-- Lieutenant Michael Edward Smith

On the 1839 Harts Army List of Officers, under the 64th(2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot, which is shown as stationed then in Jamaica, is Michael Edward Smith (Ensign, promoted to Lieutenant Feb 1840). Smith  had purchased his commission--normal in those days. Michael Edward Smith b 10 Nov 1814 was the 5th child(of 15), 3rd son of Henry Jeremiah Smith , JP, Deputy  Lord Lieutenant, Co Meath, the latter's father being wealthy establishment figure Henry Smith of Beabeg ;

83

Henry Smith of Beabeg

Henry Smith's son Henry Jeremiah Smith had been a "cornet" or Ensign  in the 11th Light Dragoons(ie mounted on horseback) in 1809;

84 Army List 1809

85

Henry Jeremiah Smith of Beabeg & Annesbrook

86 Beabeg

 His second wife, Michael Edward Smith's mother, was Elizabeth Radcliffe Smith.

87 Elizabeth Radcliffe Smith when young

Elizabeth's mother was Catherine Cox Radcliffe, Michael's grandmother

88 Elizabeth Radcliffe’s mother                                          (Catherine Cox Radcliffe)

The family seat was Annesbrooke, Duleek, Co Meath just north of Dublin. Henry Jeremiah Smith had purchased this around 1803 from Mr Hamilton and extended it substantially. He was on social terms with King George IV 

The following is taken from Mark Bence-Jones book ‘A Guide To Irish Country Houses’.  Annesbrook,  Duleek, Co. Meath. A 2 storey 3 bay Georgian house with ground floor windows set under relieving arches and a large rusticated and fanlighted doorway;  to which an impressive portico of 4 fluted Ionic columns and a single-storey wing containing a charming Georgian-Gothic “banqueting room” were added early in c19 by Henry (Jeremiah) Smith. According to the story, he made these additions 1821 for when George IV came over to dine with him while staying with Lady Conyngham at Slane Castle; the monarch, however never saw the banqueting room, preferring to dine out of doors.   Then under the entry for Slane Castle he states that ‘George IV stayed in Slane Castle as Prince of Wales, and again as King 1821; the wife of 1^st Marquess being the Lady Conyngham who was his favourite.  The dead straight road from Dublin to Slane is said to have been made especially for him.

89     Annesbrook

Michael Edward Smith inherited this in 1892 after the death of his 2 elder  brothers.

               90     Dining at Annesbrook

91       The Hunt at nearby Duleek;

92 a Smith family get-together about 1905!

The piece  following summarises Michael Edward Smith's life, mostly compiled around 1910 by a niece of Michael, Emily Gertrude Cox(Nee Smith) , daughter of Richard Jeremiah Smith, younger brother of Michael,  when she researched the family tree--she knew both  Michael & his wife Jane Grace Syme

           93  Emily Cox Smith—the author

Emily’s writing is mainly  in italics with further comments from Brenda McKeever  underlined    --additional items have also been added by Keith/Nancy Atkinson, or where there are conflicts in details; this includes details of Michael's military career extracted from the quarterly Regimental Muster Rolls at The National Archives, Kew, England )

Michael’s father was Henry Jeremiah Smith, J.P., Dep Lieut Co Meath, Ireland, born 28 Nov 1783;

He married; firstly 28 Dec 1802 Margaret Osbourne Smith  by whom he had 2 sons—Henry Jeremiah and Francis Edward;

secondly; Elizabeth Radcliffe Smith of Tinnakilly, Co Wicklow with whom he had 7 sons and 5 daughters.

94   Elizabeth Radcliffe Smith when older

  94a 13 Molesworth Street,  Dublin;

Michael Edward Smith was the 3^rd son 5^th child of Elizabeth Radcliffe Smith & was born on the 10^th November 1814 at the house of his great-grandmother Lady Catherine Cox,  13 Molesworth St, Dublin.He was baptized round the corner  at St. Anne’s Church, Dawson Street. Lady Cox was also his godmother, his godfather being the Hon. Edward Taylor Massey, his mother’s cousin.  He was called Michael after his great-grandfather the Rev. Sir Michael Cox Bt. Of Dunmanway and Edward after his godfather.The date of his birth is given at November 10^th in the entry made by his mother in the family bible; on the monument erected to his memory in Duleek Church the date is given at November 8^th, which must be a mistake.  (Unfortunately Duleek church is no longer used as a church and most of the memorials in the church were vandalized, )

                      95       Duleek Church

96  Duleek  church plaque for Henry Jeremiah Smith

Michael Edward Smith was educated at Dundalk Grammar School, the Headmaster at that time being a Dr. Donaldson.  Later on(about 1833 ?) he was sent, with Richard Jeremiah, his brother, born 1817, to Switzerland, where they read with Dr. Caesar Malan, a well known divine in his day, and afterwards with Merle D’Aubigny, who was engaged in writing his world-famed “History of the Reformation” when they lived with him in Geneva.

.In common with many other "third sons" who joined either the Army or the Clergy In November 1837 aged 23 Michael Edward obtained (ie purchased) a commission as an Ensign in the 40^th ( incorrect--was 64^th) Regiment of Foot--The North Staffordshires or Prince of Wales. His elder brother Stephen Henry Smith had joined this Regiment a few years before—though Stephen changed his name to Smyth! And it was the first one signed by young Victoria after she came to the throne.

Michael starts at the 64th's UK base or "Depot" in Dundee.1838 Michael spends 4 months in Dundee before making a 6 day foot march from May 4-9 with the Company from Dundee to Paisley (Near Glasgow) 90 miles with an allowance of 5 shillings a day. He signs the allowance slip for 1 pound 10 shillings!

During 1838 he is stationed in Londonderry where in Dec 1838 he is ordered to join the main regiment in Jamaica.The Regiment, along with others including the 8th(The Kings),56th(West Essex) & 68th(Durham) were sent to Jamaica in 1837 in case of a violent outburst after the end of slavery August 1st, 1838. In the event it passed peacefully. He sets sail in the "Hopewell" on Feb 2^nd 1839.

The “Hopewell” regularly sailed to Jamaica from Londonderry although other officers seem to have sailed from Cork this time. It takes 45 days to reach Jamaica. Michael receives a ration allowance of 3 pence per day on the ship--and he disembarks on 18th March 1839.

The 64th in Jamaica at that time consisted of 25 officers,32 seargeants,26 corporals,9 drummers, pipers & fifers and 461 privates. Michael is initially based with a detachment at Stony Hill, just northwest of Kingston.

Onshore his ration allowance is 2.5 pence per day. By this time he has a fulltime servant/batman. Michael has 1.5 pence per day stopped from his pay to cover the servant's rations

 Extracts from Lloyds Shipping Register re “Hopewell”

                              97  The Hopewell

98  Michael’s Marching Allowance and his stoppages for his batman’s food

                 99  Harts Army List early 1839

20 Dec 1839 aged 25 he is  made up to Lieut(commission purchased). 1840 In April he is stationed in Kingston--in June Fort Augusta. Between July & September he commands a Company--for which he signs for £280-16-5 3/4 for the mens' Pay & Beer Money for the quarter!

                 100   Harts Army List July 1840

But Michael has been busy because on 23 Oct 1840 Jane Victoria Smith is born to " Lieut Smith of the 64th Regiment" and Eliza Grant; Jane is baptized in St Catherine's Jamaica. Address given was 49 Wellington Street Spanish Town--was Michael billetted there?

101   49 Wellington St  today!

Today it’s a hairdressing salon & not the original building!

Perhaps Michael had succumbed to yellow fever, convalesced at "Blundells Hall" then being run by Mary Jane Seacole née Grant and met Eliza Grant there?  Is Eliza in fact Louisa Grant, Mary Seacole's sister?

 But why St Catherines, not Kingston? The other baptisms on the register are for tailors, bricklayer, cook, butler, labourers, servants, “collector of petty debts” Perhaps Eliza was there just to have her baby ? Or was it their love nest-- in which case he would  have known of the pregnancy.

 But in any case Michael-aged 26- has already sailed off to Halifax, Canada on October 12th 1840--just 2 weeks before his daughter is born. It takes 18 days to reach Halifax where he remains for 2 years.

                  102 Harts Army List Oct 1841

1841 In this period there were many deserters from the 64th. Did they fancy life in Canada or were they keen to get back to the warmth--but disease--of the Caribbean? The alternative might have been famine in Ireland.

1842  Aged 28  On 17th August Michael is put in charge of a shipload of invalids returning to Europe. This task done he takes a 6 month leave to 31 March 1843 when he exchanges into the 78^th Highlanders (The Seaforths) a regiment he was much attached to and very proud of .

 Perhaps he did not wish to return to Halifax with the 64th? He does not actually join the 78th till 27th November 1843 when he leaves for India initially with a detachment of the 78th in Bombay.

1844 On 9th January he leaves Bombay for "Kurachee" till June. Between July and August he is at Sukker Camp in Scinde Province. "In 1839" (This cannot be correct—the niece’s story conveniently  overlooks the whole Jamaica period!) he took part in the fatal march from Kureelie to Sukher and was one of the few survivors.  Through some blunder the regiment had been ordered to Sukher in the height of the hot weather with the result the seven hundred of the men lost their lives!  My uncle was taken very ill with internal inflammation and left for dead in his tent but he rallied and later on was able to read the Burial Service over many of the victims. He is at River Indus in September & on leave in December

1843  Britain subdues Sindh province under General Chas Jas Napier. There’s a statue of Napier in Trafalgar Square

1845 In April Michael is in Bombay then Camp Poona.

103   Harts Army List 1845

1846 Michael  is on leave 15th Feb to 31st March then at Poona till Dec.

1847 January to May he is at Belgaum going on local leave May 24th when  he went up on three weeks leave in the Neilgherry Hills.  On the Sunday after his arrival he saw a lady in church whom he admired immensely and he often told me that he made up his mind there and then to win her for his wife if possible.

A night or two afterwards a ball was given by a regiment stationed at Octacamund and my uncle was invited.  There he was introduced to the girl he had seen on the previous Sunday.  She was Miss Jane Grace Syme  (daughter of William Ireland Syme of Ryedale, Kirkudbrightshire (Mr. Syme's father, John Syme, was the friend and executor of Robert Burns) and his wife Lilian daughter of Revd. Charles Maitland Babington) who was on a visit to her sister, the wife of Major Phillott an officer in the regiment which was giving the ball.  After a few days acquaintance my Uncle had proposed & been accepted. They were married on 8^th Sept 1847 before his leave of three weeks had expired & his wife returned with him to the regiment.

On part of the return journey, when the bride was being carried by a ‘dhoolie’ by native bearers the latter took fright at something, and leaving their burden down, fled into the Jungle, and it was only after great delay and inconvenience that the party could proceed.

104  Allen’s Indian Mail Marriage announcement

105   Young Jane Grace Syme…..

106  “ young” Michael…I think he got the better deal!

Nov 1-21^st 1845 he is Absent Without Leave!(AWOL) Uncle Michael brought his wife home to Annesbrook, where she remained for some time, whilst he completed his time in India.

See appendix for an extract of Leo Coopers History of the 64^th Regiment-from Jamaica to India

107    Annesbrook

1848/9/50/51 He's at Belgaum, India taking 2 short leaves in April & May 1848.

2 Jan-- 31 March 1851 He is on home leave. In Apr 51 he's in Aden.

26 Mar1852 on leave until December when he is made up to Captain "Unattached"

July 1853 He's appointed Staff Officer Pensioners Paisley

7 July 1854 He exchanges into the 40th (2nd Somersetshire)-with a 19month half-pay period in between- based with a detachment at Castlereagh Depot just north of Galway.The main 40th Regiment is in Melbourne Australia escorting gold being mined just outside Melbourne--during their 5 years posting they escorted £53,529.368 of gold!

108 Harts Army List 1855 With the 40th

1 July 1858 aged 44   Apptd staff officer Pensioners in Cambridge(unattached) 1 Dec 1864 aged 50       Ditto Paisley as a Major(unattached)

"He retired as Major in 1864"  But per the Army Lists he did not retire until 19 June 1872  aged 58.

109  Staff Officers of Pensioners  Paisley, Scotland

110 Army List of Majors 1873 On the same list of Majors is his younger brother Frederick Augustus Smith VC! See next pages.

111 112 113   Frederick Augustus  Smith VC

The VC which he earned in New Zealand  is now in Lord Ashcroft's collection on display at the Imperial War Museum London and is shown here with his other medals by kind permission of Lord Ashcroft

114 115 Frederick Augustus Smith’s War Medals

Victoria Cross
Crimea War Medal 1854-1856
New Zealand Medal 1845-1866
Turkish Crimea Medal

Per the 1871 Scottish census Major Michael Edward Smith( aged 56 born Co Meath Ireland) and wife Jane(42) had lodgings at 26 Granville Street, Glasgow Barony, Lanarkshire. Perhaps they just retained these lodgings  while he spent his last few Army years as Staff Officer Pensioners?

For some years he lived near Kingstown, (now Dun Laoghaire, Dublin) easy ferry to Glasgow where my aunt Mrs. Faulkner (probably his sister Matilda Cox Smith married 14 Sept 1865  to Francis MacNamara Faulkner. ) was also living at the same time but after his mother’s death (ie Elizabeth Radcliffe)  he went over to live in England.

 (His mother, Elizabeth Radcliffe, daughter of Lt. Colonel William Radcliffe of Tinakilly, Co. Wicklow and of his wife Catherine only daughter of the Rev. Sir Michael Cox, Bt. Of Dunmanway, Co. Cork and his wife Elizabeth daughter of Hugh, 1^st Lord Massy and sister of Lord Clarin.) (Elizabeth  was  born 1790 approx  died March 5^th 1872)

In 1875  Mrs. Smith wrote a novel “Tit for Tat” & in 1876 a three volume novel(900 pages!) entitled “It Might Have Been” into which she brought many members of the Smith Family, and their immediate friends and neighbours, which caused a great flutter in the County at the time and the book was in great demand. Michael’s name appears as co-author! Keith & Nancy have a copy on disk Later Mrs. Smith wrote several other novels “The Pity of It”(1884 ),“, “Love and Liking”(1887)etc.  (Publication years as per the British Library which holds all these books)

 After they had monetary losses she took up Journalism and was for many years a well-known figure in the literary world in London and had her office in the Strand.  She wrote for the London Globe, The Newcastle Chronicle, Liverpool Daily Post, Leeds Express, Manchester Guardian, Weekly Scotsman, Cheltenham Examiner, Calcutta Statesman and many other well known papers in all parts of the world.  She was one of those who started “The Salon” a literary and Artistic Society whose members held monthly receptions at the Royal Institute of Painters in Piccadilly, or similar art galleries and under whose auspices many, who have since become famous, made their first appearance.  At one time most of the best known people in literary and artistic circles were to be seen at these gatherings, amongst them Sir Frederick Leighton, Marie Corelli, Sir James Crichton Browne, Mrs. Craig, (author off John Halifax, Gentleman) Mrs. Alexander (author of The Wooing O’t, etc.)  Mrs. L. B. Walford, Madame Melba, “The Decca” Mrs. Lynn Linton.

116 117 118 Jane Grace Smith

In later years as the original members of the Committee dropped off, from one cause of another, the Society went down considerably and finally came to an end.  I enjoyed the privilege of being a member in the old days when I was an Art Student and look back with great pleasure to these gatherings and the many friends made there.

At that time my aunt used to have invitations for all the “Private Views” “First Nights” etc and used to constantly take me with her. ‘Academy Sunday’ I always looked forward to particularly when I accompanied my aunt to the various studios, Sir Frederick Goodall’s, Solomon Soloman’s, Charles Sainton’s etc.

We cannot find Michael in the 1881 England Census(back in Ireland?) but Jane G Smith(52) is visiting her sister Leleas Phillotts (53 widow of Major Phillotts) and her (unmarried? mother) daughter Margaret(30 born East Indies) and her child Lucy Phillotts(6) at 43 Sutherland Gardens, Maida Vale,Paddington.

In the 1891 census Michael (76 retired Army Major, born Dublin) and Jane(62 journalist author)  are living at 8 Oxford Gardens, Ladbroke Grove, North Kensington with 2 live-in domestic staff, sisters Amy, a 21 yr old cook from Scotland and Annie a 16 yr old housemaid

119  Oxford Gardens Ladbroke Grove, London today

120 121 Michael Edward Smith of Annesbrook

After Uncle Michael inherited Annesbrook in 1892 and the properties of his brothers, Stephen, St George and Frederick Augustus V.C.he returned to Ireland, taking a house on Ailesbury Road (35) near Dublin (it is Dublin now! Many embassies are on this road)

See the 1901 Irish Census showing Michael & Jane plus their 4 house servants—all Church of Ireland—no Catholics!

“Ailesbury Road has always been the snootiest address in Dublin City. I imagine that this is where all Ireland's oil barons, slave traders, shipping magnates and tobacco plantation owners live.

The residents here must have leapt out of they're bouffant wigs with glee when the Irish Edition of Monopoly made Ailesbury Road, and it's tributary, Shrewsbury Road, the two most expensive and desirable properties on the board. In fact, I can easily picture The Monopoly Man twiddling his moustache comfortably through retirement in like-minded company here.

The most illustrious resident of Ailesbury Road has always been the French Ambassador whose 'residence', as they say, has the air of his own little Georgian Versaille. In fact, you wouldn't feel at home here without some corps diplomatique licence plates on your jaguar, as most of the houses are the residences of Ambassadors.”  Brian P- Dublin local

122   IRISH CENSUS 1901      

 124 & 125     35 Ailesbury Rd  today—4144 square feet-run down and unoccupied-

BUT sold July 2011 For euros2.3million

Aunt Fanny .(Francesca Helen Mary Bouchier Savile!)– Uncle Stephen’s widow, still continued to reside at Annesbrook.In Nov 1901 Michael auctioned 230 acres of Annesbrook land. Was it to raise cash or to avoid it being grabbed?

126 127 128   Annesbrook

Uncle Michael died May 19^th 1903 at the advanced age of 88 and was buried at Duleek in the family vault.  There is a monument erected in the church to his memory. He had been keenly interested in genealogy and spent a great deal of time, when in London, in the Reading Room of the British Museum looking up old records etc.In fact it was owing to him that I first took up research work.

He was a great favourite with all of us and his companionship in the latter years of my Father’s life was a source of the greatest pleasure to both.  They used to take long walks together, returning to our house for dinner – we were living at Putney at this time – after which they would have great talks about the old days of their boyhood at Annesbrook and Geneva.  My father pre-deceased him by eleven years and it was not until after my father’s death that Uncle Michael went over to live in Ireland. After Michael’s death the properties of the four brothers went to their nephew Fitz Henry Augustus Smith, the eldest son of the next brother, William Thomas, who had predeceased his brothers. (March 15^th 1884)

And the final note on Michael Edward:  My grandfather (Henry Jeremiah Smith b 28^th November 1783 d 15^th February 1857), had bought Annesbrook sometime in the early 1800s) (1803 from Mr Hamilton) was very handsome as a young man with aquiline nose, clear blue eyes, and beautifully shaped mouth – perhaps a little wanting in firmness.  He was tall and distinguished looking with a great charm of manner.  His nine sons took after him, in being very tall and good-looking, the smallest of them – Major Michael Edward Smith – having been five feet nine inches in height. But daughter Jane Victoria Smith was 6ft tall apparently!

No trace of Michael Edward Smith's Will survives but the 1903 Calendar of Wills and Administrations has an abstract;  “Effects of £7615 7s 2d with probate granted to Jane G Smith the Widow” We cannot therefore tell whether there was a legacy to Jane Victoria or Ernest George Ffrench,--but  see below.

Aunt Jane returned to England after her husband’s death and lived at 15 Greville Place, Maida Vale, where I stayed with her shortly before her death.

129  15 Greville Place, Maida Vale, London today

  Jane Grace died very suddenly in the street, quite close to her home, from heart failure, on the way back from visiting some very old friends on March 17^th 1913; she was in her 84^th year.  Up to the very end she continued some of her journalistic work and was keenly interested in all that was going on.

130 Photo of Jane Grace a few days before her death.

Uncle Michael and Aunt Jane had no family. (I (Brenda) have been curious about that phrase since you started contacting me, it could suggest that she might have known more about Uncle Michael!  )

And a final note on Michael Edward’s illegitimate daughter Jane Victoria Smith of Kingston, Jamaica and her illegitimate son, (by 1903 Lieut) Ernest George Ffrench. Jane Grace Smith left her estate of £2500 to her nephews and nieces. So she had gone through £5000 of Michael’s estate of £7600 between 1903 & 1913, a large sum of money then—could Michael have left, or could she possibly have given, some legacy to Michael’s daughter Jane Victoria Smith and/or her son Ernest George Ffrench?

There is a ship leaving Jamaica for Bristol in July 1903 with an Ernest Ffrench and a "Miss Smith" on board. ie just after Michael Edward's death in May 1903. Ernest had only just arrived in Jamaica in April 1903 from the Boer War so what made him travel back so quickly? And why did the Army allow it? Was it the death of his grandfather? So perhaps Michael had been in touch with his daughter all these years?  ……

One further clue. In my father Geoffrey Ffrench's notes about Annesbrook, written around 1978, he refers to a photograph of the Victoria Cross won by Frederick Augustus Smith as "hanging in our home"--presumably 66 Harley Street. He goes on  "it must have been taken by EGF when he visited (Annesbrook), about 1902?" 

What possible reason would Ernest have visited the Smith house unless the connection was known about?

Was the photo in fact taken when Ernest & Jane visited from Jamaica after Michael's death? And did Jane Grace Syme give him/her a bequest from Michael's estate? How else would a young Medical Officer in the RAMC afford to buy a Harley Street lease a few years later?

131

Michael’s £7615 estate; There are much smaller sums for the other Wills listed!

Presumably the Real Estate at Annesbrook, Beabeg etc  was “entailed” & excluded from the Probate Value?

(My late father, ie the son of Ernest, Dr Geoffrey Ffrench  d 1980 had always understood (perhaps deliberately misled by his father?) that Jane's ancestors were the Smith family living at Annesbrook, Co Meath,--though presumably Ernest had not told him that both he & she were illegitimate! 

Another of Ernest's grandsons Robin Davis had understood that Jane was Scottish, which might confirm that  Michael, though Anglo-Irish, lived a long time in Paisley, Scotland, or alternatively might  imply a connection with Mary Seacole’s Scottish father "James?" Grant--see below.

Chapter 9

Eliza (&/or Louisa) Grant.

We think Eliza may be a cousin or sister of Mary(Jane or Ann) Seacole (Nee Grant)-- or in  even be Louisa Maria Grant, Mary Seacole's younger sister. Mary Seacole was known as  “The Black Florence Nightingale” for her nursing mission in the Crimean War. Her fame continues to spread and she is now called “The Greatest Black Briton”. But mystery surrounds her parentage and upbringing.

Mary & Louisa Grant's presumed  father was Scottish "James?" Grant ; There are a number of Officers named Grant with British Army Regiments stationed in Jamaica in the early 1800's as well as Grants in the local Militia. We have succeeded in excluding a few of them;

 a) James Grant of the 60th Regiment of Foot the “Royal Americans”  (suggested by biographer Jane Robinson)-- as the Battalion he served in (2^nd)  never visited Jamaica. He died in Scotland 1815

 b) James Colquhoun Grant-- as his (quadroon) daughter Mary married in Scotland

c) James Grant of the 20^th Dragoons—as he died in 1811 before it is thought Mary’s younger sister was conceived.

132  Speculation about Mary Seacole’s origins

133    Is this the Seacole family Tree ?

134    James Grant death

135  A  Mary Ann Grant baptism?

There are several possible baptism records for Mary—this one looks a possibility—a free black child about 5 Kingston 1809-but middle name not Jane

The mother of Mary (& sister Louisa)  kept a lodging-house/convalescent home called Blundell Hall at 8 East Street, Kingston, where they were brought up.

136   Map of Kingston 1745 showing East St & water Lane

137 138   Kingston just before the 1843 fire

139 140  King St & Church Street c1844 –a.duperly

Before Eliza's child Jane Victoria Smith was born in Oct 1840, Mary Grant Seacole had been married (on 10 Oct 1836, aged 31) and had gone with her husband Edwin Horatio Hamilton Seacole to Black River, Southwest Jamaica, where they were running a general store. When Edwin became sick, Mary returned in the early 1840s to Blundell Hall, helping run it with her mother & sister Louisa. In 1843  Blundell Hall was badly damaged by fire, Edwin died in Oct 1844, and about the same time their mother  died as well. Mary & Louisa took over.

By 1844 Mary Seacole(39) and Louisa Grant(29) had rebuilt Blundells at 8 East Street & they continued to run it until summer 1851 when Mary (then 46) went off on her travels returning  in 1853, when a major Yellow Fever outbreak occurred in the Army garrison. Mary was requested by the Army to help set up a hospital at the Up Park Camp Army Barracks leaving Louisa(38) in charge of Blundells. In 1854 Mary went off on her "Wonderful Adventures"  to the Crimean War and Louisa continued to run Blundells. In 1858 Anthony Trollope stayed at "Blundles" and met "one(sic) of Mary Seacole's sisters";  NOTE “SISTERS” PLURAL We have not yet found pictures of Blundells but an immediately adjacent rival establishment at 10 East Street was Date Tree Hall—where the Library of Jamaica is now,

                 141   Date Tree Hall in 1904

142  “Blundles” An Old Type By Anthony Trollope on his 1860’s visit

143   “The Inns of Jamaica”  by Godfrey Turner “ Blundle Hall”

144   145  Extracts from “Letters from Jamaica;- Land of Streams & Woods” 1873 RE BlundlEs

"Louisa boasted of Mary's celebrity" to him (Jane Robinson's life of Mary Seacole  )

In 1866 Louisa M Grant signed one of the many thank-you letters to the infamous Governor Eyre. 

 In 1867, Louisa(52) placed the following notice in the Gleaner;

146 Blundell Hall Gleaner advert signed by Louisa Grant

An Article appears in  Harpers Magasine of 1872(Vol 44,issue 262,pp 559 & 60) about a Blundell Hall client “Dr Arthur… arguing with Miss Grant and her maid-of-all-work, the indefinably garrulous Victoria” ( Jane  Victoria Louisa/Eliza’s daughter?) and also writing that “(Trollope) failed to celebrate her mountain place—Belleview—(in the picturesque heights of Newcastle near the military camp of Stony Hill)  as the mosr beautiful spot on the island”

146A BELLEVIEW

 The 1875 Kingston Almanac frustratingly  lists just "Miss Grant" as proprietor of Blundells but we know its Louisa at that time from the advert. In 1877 Louisa aged 63 moves the lodging house business across the road to New Blundell Hall 7 East Street

147 148    “New Blundell Hall”

perhaps because of financial difficulties--it seems by then she was not the owner of “Old” Blundell Hall.

149 150     Mary Seacole Mary died in 1881

151  A plaque commemorating Blundell Hall At 8 East Street Kingston

152 153  On Mary Seacole’s grave  North London...

               154   Mary’s probate notice

155 156   Mary Seacole’s neighbourhood in downtown Kingston, Jamaica

She left to her half-brother Edward Ambleton's son (also named Edward Ambleton, a house at 111 Duke St.(known as Seacole Cottage), Kingston for life, then to his heirs and if none to Louisa Grant  and her heirs. Was this just a legal phrase or did Louisa have children? As Louisa was 66 by then, to have had heirs, surely she must have had at least one child by the time Mary wrote her will? So was this Jane Victoria Smith? If not who were Louisa's heirs? No "Eliza Grant" was mentioned. Will in Appendix 9

The Handbook of Jamaica was published from 1881 onwards, replacing the Almanacs; in 1882 it started listing Lodging Houses, their proprietors and rates charged. There was a major fire 11 Dec 1882 in downtown Kingston and 7 East Street is not listed in that edition; in the 1883 edition the Proprietor of 7 East Street is Miss "Eliza" Grant--not Louisa. Harbour St had lost 55 buildings & Water Lane 37 in the fire

 7 East Street  is listed  from 1883 to 1892 as owned by Miss "Eliza" Grant. From 1893 to 1907, when an Earthquake destroyed downtown Kingston, 7 East Street is shown as owned by "Miss Jane Smith". From 1907 onwards 7 East St disappears as a lodging house address but seems to have continued as "Jane Smith's depot" for a wholesale dairy/grocery etc food  business probably till Jane's death in 1927.

So was Eliza actually Louisa? Perhaps Eliza was her baptised name but she preferred to be called Louisa---officialdom using her baptised name for the Handbooks? Or were the Handbooks simply incorrect?  If Eliza was Louisa she would have been about 25 when she had Jane Victoria Smith. Could Eliza be a sister of Mary & Louisa? Or even a daughter of Mary (Seacole)--the elusive Sarah in her autobiography?(But surely then she would have been mentioned in Mary's Will?) Or was she a cousin of Mary & Louisa? The offspring of another "James" Grant liaison? 

 In Jane Robinson's biography, she writes re 1853 when Mary was off on her travels " It was no less than her sisterly duty to arrange for one of her cousins to help Louisa with the management of New Blundell Hall" and "Things quietened down considerably for Louisa and her cousin...." Was this cousin Eliza?

As Paulette Kerr wrote in her chapter "Women Lodging House keepers of Jamaica" in "Engendering History"   "If a business was profitable it made sense to prepare a daughter or sister, or some other close relative to take it over".

In 1886 there are adverts in the Gleaner by the Victoria Mutual Building Society for the sale of properties over which the bank had a charge (presumably for non-payment); one is 54 East Street, just up the road from "Eliza's" New Blundell's but stated to be owned by Louisa M Grant. Was she in financial trouble? Had she sold 7 East St to a Grant cousin eg Eliza

157  Louisa Grant 1895 Fined 2s 6d for “Disorderly Conduct” ?

Louisa Maria Grant’s Will--she died "a spinster" in 1905-- might shed some light but we have not yet found one.

158   Louisa Grant’s death certificate

159 159a Seacole Cottage at 111 Duke Street in 2010--its for sale...US$30,000!

We have yet to find any death record at all for an “Eliza” Grant despite exhaustive search from 1889 to 1930—did she therefore exist at all—or was she in fact “Louisa”?.

In any case it seems likely that my grandfather Ernest grew up, at 7 East Street, in a semi-medical atmosphere.

See Kingston Harbour about 1880-90;-

160   Present day waterfront Kingston jamaica

Chapter 10

Jane Victoria Smith herself

Jane’s illegitimate son Ernest George Ffrench was described at his baptism as "colored". Mary Seacole & Louisa Grant  were quadroons. So Jane Victoria Smith was probably coloured--an "octroon". If Arthur George Ffrench is indeed a son of George III, himself the son of Robert and Letitia Ffrench   "free persons of colour" Arthur may have been coloured as well.

Jane was born 23 Oct 1840.

161     Baptism jane Victoria smith

The earliest Gleaner reference we have found for Jane is an advert in 1881, She was 41, Ernest would be 5.  She is selling milk from German House, 64 Harbour Street, Kingston, ie just down the road from 7 East Street.

162 Jane’s 1881 Gleaner advert for sale of milk

64 Harbour Street is still a fine building & still in use as Grace Kennedy Offices, a Food Company

163   64 Harbour Street, Kingston today

After the fire of Dec 1882 Jane seems to have moved to 7 Water Lane

164    Geography of Kingston

1890 Kingston was very concentrated around the Harbour.

Subsequent Gleaner adverts show her selling ice,(shipped down from Boston,USA!) cheese & milk at 7 East Street, Kingston & news items referred to people staying at   "Miss Jane Smith's" place.

 Writing( much later) about the 1904 period local Jamaica lawyer, historian  and raconteur Ansell Hart wrote;

“Cost of lodging also varied in Kingston and throughout the country. Mrs. Hannan, wife of red-headed and bearded politician Hannan at Marble Hall, Rae Town and Miss Jane Smith at the corner of East Street and Water Lane, Kingston, charged 2/- or 2/6 for bed, 2/- for breakfast, 1/6 for lunch and three or four shillings for dinner. The Hannans produced brainy progeny of the scholastic type,

 Miss Jane left a son, who became Colonel French of the West India Regiment (R.A.M.C.), and later a Harley Street physician. In Jamaica, he had been educated at Morrison’s Collegiate. He was a genial man of fine physique. While stationed at Up Park Camp in Jamaica, he might often be seen of an afternoon on his Mother’s Water Lane verandah in affectionate companionship with her.

 An officious brother Officer, smelling a scandal sounding in "conduct unbecoming in an Officer," had the records of applications for appointment as an officer in the Army searched, but found only "answers (to awkward questions) waived by Orders of Lord Roberts….           (General Lord Frederick Roberts “Bobs” was the General Commander in Chief during the Boer War 1900-1902 in which grandfather Ernest was initially a civil surgeon and had recommended him for a Commission .So perhaps Lord Roberts knew, but the officer did not, of Ernest’s humble origins & that Jane Victoria Smith, Lodging House Keeper, was actually Ernest's mother.)

Question;  why are these remarks in parentheses? It’s as if they are quotes from somewhere--where?  Where is Ernest’s army application held?

165   Lord Roberts of Kabul & Kandahar—By John Singer Sargent, 1906

Jane Victoria Smith-my great grandmother-- was clearly a hard working businesswoman.

 A letter to the Gleaner dated 4 May 1920 from a Newark dairy farmer refers to him having sold during 1914," 16000lbs of butter to Miss Jane Smith."

According to my father who aged 8 visited her with his father in 1925

 “She lived in a marvellous old house on the corner of Harbour St and ?King Street (an error it was East street) in Kingston; it was orange coloured, square and you entered through a high, arched double-doorway into a courtyard. Outside on the pavement at the corner was an ancient cannon, but this one was stuck nose down into the ground with about 3 feet of it showing….it was said to have come there…during the 1907 earthquake. Inside the courtyard was a cobbled yard with clackers and other assorted wheeled carts and all around the courtyard was a wooden balcony on the first floor.”  

166 167   Harbour & King before the 1907 earthquake--& after from Rebecca Tortello's Pieces of the Past

168

Map of Kingston showing the extent of 1907 fire damage-just missing east st

In 1914 Ernest & his wife visited Kingston----to introduce Adele to Jane Victoria?

The last definite Gleaner reference we have found for Jane before her death is 17 Sep 1919 “Fresh Newark butter from Miss Jane Smith’s depot corner of East Street and Water Lane

169  Miss Smith’s depot

According to Jamaica’s National Land Agency Jane Victoria Smith sold the 7 East Street property to her son Lt Col Ernest G Ffrench in 1921 for £400. Perhaps she needed the money—but where did Ernest get it from?  Not the Army! Perhaps from Michael Edward Smith, his grandfather?

A Harbour St property transaction dated 24 July 1924 describes the land as “butting north on land in the possession of Jane Smith ”. This could be her property at 68 Water Lane as Ernest had bought 7 East St from her.

Ernest George's last visit to Kingston was in Oct 1925 with Adele, daughter Violette & my 8 year-old father Geoffrey--Liverpool-New York-Jamaica

170 171 172   Ernest George Ffrench & family‘s last trip to Jamaica in 1925

Jane Victoria Smith died 12^th May 1927 ; her Gleaner notice said:-

173   Jane’s death notice

“She was also very kind to the poor”

Her Will, which we found in an emotional visit to RGD Archives in  Spanish Town, left 68 Water Lane to Mrs Julia Whannel  for her life and then together with all her other real and personal estate to her son "Lt Col E.G Ffrench R.A.M.C. London" Clearly though they had only met twice in 20 years they were very much in touch. Sadly no letters however have been found.

174   Jane’s Last Will & Testament

She left everything to her only child Ernest. He sold 7 East Street in 1929 to Linnell Keith Brandon for £1900 “for the land”. “ It is on record that Mr Ffrench’s percentage profit after less than 6 years(?-s/b 8) of ownership was one of the highest in the country” per the Land Agency.

Chapter 11  

Ernest George Ffrench , his wife Adele Carvalho and his life

Ernest was baptized by 

                     175    Rev Charles F Douet 

of St Catherine’s on 20 Dec 1876. Ernest’s baptism record describes him as illegitimate &  coloured. Probably because his mother Jane was "coloured".

176      Ernest’s baptism record

We know little of Ernest's early life. We are not aware of any contact between him and Arthur George his father. My father actually wrote that he had understood Arthur George had died around the time Ernest was born!

We must assume his single-mother Jane Victoria Smith brought him up. According to Edinburgh University he spent 5 years (from age 11 therefore) at Kingston Collegiate School (also known as Morrison’s Collegiate).

He appears on an 1892 Gleaner Collegiate School prize list aged 15;

177  Kingston Collegiate School Prize List Special prize for scripture

178   East Street & Harbour Street c 1890;

Ernest  must have been a bright pupil as he appears to have travelled at 15+  to Bishops College in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada(East of Montreal), to take a course(between Sept92 and Aug 93?) or preliminary entrance examinations to Edinburgh University which he entered as a medical student aged 16+ in (Sept?) 1893.This was perhaps his only journey outside Jamaica up to then.

Edinburgh University wrote "His subjects were many including Botany, Natural History, Physics,Chemistry,Anatomy,Pathology, surgery, Midwifery,Diseases of children etc". We wonder if growing up in Blundells, East Street, a lodging house with the medical atmosphere left by Jamaica's Florence Nightingale, Mary Seacole, had influenced his choice of a medical career.Certainly neither Arthur nor Jane appear to have been medically inclined.

Who paid for his Edinburgh University education?  Jane? The extended Ffrench family in Jamaica?  Or did Jane's father Major Michael Edward Smith keep in touch with his only daughter and her son and contribute? 

Ernest  graduated M.B., Ch.B, Edin Univ in 1898. The Gleaner wrote;

179  Educational—cutting from Gleaner

180  EGF’s medical progress per the Gleaner

He had won (from 20 candidates)  a 6 month house physician post at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh at a salary of £180 pa under distinguished doctor Francis Caird and then a further 6 months at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Brighton, living at 26 Bedford Square, where he wrote his thesis on scoliosis in Apr 1900.

He then volunteered in May 1900 as a civil surgeon for the Boer War. He joined on July 2 1900, replacing another  civil surgeon H Bryant who had died and embarked on the Dilwara 6 July 1900 & sailed to South Africa

He was attached to the Duke of Wellington’s Regiment(1^st Battalion, West Riding) where he took part in the operations in Cape Colony, Orange River Colony & the Transvaal including the 29 Nov 1900 Battle of Rhenester Kop where " he saw men mowed down in long waves" & earned the Queen’s & the King’s South African medals + 5 clasps. One of his obituaries says he had been made a life member of the mess! He does seem to have been a popular young man. Perhaps as a result of this & his “splendid service” he was offered his commission? He clearly made a big impression as after just 10 months the “GOC in C” ie General Officer Commanding-in-,Chief, either Kitchener in South Africa or possibly Roberts in London recommended him for a commission.

He was commissioned as a Lieutenant on 28 May 1901 and joined the British Army’s Medical Service(RAMC). He gained his Certificate in Proficiency and a Riding Certificate! He became a fine horseman.The next year he was either wounded or was sick as on April 12 1902 he was “discharged to duty”(from hospital).

The Boer War ended in May 1902 and Ernest remained in South Africa until returning “Home” ie England on 5 Oct 1902, stationed at the Army Training Centre, Aldershot. On 18^th March 1903 he sailed for Jamaica arriving 6 Apr 1903, &   stationed at Up Park Camp garrison, Kingston. The Gleaner wrote 19 Mar 1903 Page 26 

Quote;    Lieutenant Ffrench

As will be seen from the cables in another column Lieut E G Ffrench R.A.M.C. left Southampton yesterday in the Para for Jamaica.   (The Para was the Royal Mail ship-15 days to Jamaica)

Lieut.Ffrench is a Jamaican and is on a visit to his parents.(eh?) He was a medical student at the Public Hospital in Kingston (eh? )and left there some years ago for Edinburgh University to continue his studies of medicine. He graduated there taking the M.B. degree and later on the degree of M.D. Belonging to a Volunteer Medical corps in England, he volunteered for service in South Africa when the late(last?) Boer War broke out and served in South Africa as a civil surgeon. In view of the splendid service he rendered during the war he was given a commission in the R.A.M.C. Lieut Ffrench was attached to Lord Methuen’s force up to the time he was captured                         Unquote

After Ernest had been just a month back in Jamaica, in May 1903 Michael Edward Smith, Ernest's grandfather died in Ireland.

An Ernest Ffrenc(sic) and a “Miss Smith” are soon after on the ship Port Antonio from Kingston, arriving Bristol 8 July 1903.

181   Ernest Ffrench & “Miss Smith” sail to Bristol

So did Ernest take his mother to England--or even more intriguingly onto Ireland-- to receive what Michael may have left them ? My father Geoffrey noted Ernest had visited  Annesbrook in “1902 or 3” . What possible reason would he have had to visit Annesbrook if not connected in some way? When there  he obtained his photo of “Great Uncle” Frederick Augustus Smith’s VC & other medals “which hung in our house”(Geoff notes).

182 Up Park Camp, Kingston

 Back soon in Jamaica he is at Up-Park Camp ( still attached as RAMC doctor to the Army), where  he  “helped deal with a yellow fever outbreak there affecting over 100 officers and men” and successfully treated "all but one officer, who insisted on playing tennis while the fever was still active".

His grandson, my brother Jonathan Ffrench, has the tankard he won when on the Garrison’s polo team in 1904! He gave medical evidence in a court martial (8 Nov 1904) and he party'd! He was then 27, good-looking, played the piano & sang, an Officer and a Doctor--every mother's dream companion for her daughter--except that he was illegitimate, "coloured" and penniless!

Ansell Hart wrote

“In those days every one’s pedigree was known and “a touch of the tar brush” might disqualify for entry into the Jamaica Club or some White homes, the disqualification yielding to special cases and also more generally as time passed”.

His success in later life seems all the more remarkable

There are various references to him in the Gleaner at this time including his attendance at balls in particular one fancy dress ball dressed as a Toreador, & singing and playing the piano at musical concerts at the Royal Jamaica Yacht Club and the Theatre Royal!

"Young Ffrench plays the piano well, has a good voice and sings with taste and ease. I am proud of him as a Jamaican".                Letter to the Gleaner

183 Portrait Lieut Ernest G Ffrench RAMC

On 28^th May 1904 he is promoted to Captain.On 15^th Sep 1904 he visited the USA for the 1st time, sailing from Jamaica to New York on SS Sarnia(with $200 in cash) and staying at the Imperial Hotel.

184  Ernest sails--Kingston to New York

 At that time he met widowed David Nunes Carvalho (through a Jamaican Carvalho contact?), and his eldest daughter Adele Miriam , who was looking after David after his wife/her mother Annie Carvalho (Nee Abrams)  had died.     (There is no sign of Ernest's return to the UK when his father Arthur George Ffrench died in Clapham in 1905--if indeed Ernest even knew of Arthur’s  existence).

Ernest's Army record states he left Jamaica  6 May 1906 and on 8 Sept 1906 the Gleaner reports him being appointed Adjutant at the RAMC training at the Camp, Brighton, England.

Ernest married Adele Miriam Carvalho on 9 Dec 1907 at St Michael's Church in Manhattan, NYC, NY .

185 186 187   Ernest & Adele’s marriage certificate & announcement

            188   Portrait of young Adele

None of the Carvalho family came to the wedding and we understand Adele’s  father David never spoke to Adele again--although he lived a further 18 years. Other of his offspring married in churches so was his disapproval because he had discovered Ernest’s ethnicity & humble Jamaican origins?

Ernest  avoided the 1907 Kingston earthquake which seems to have ended Jane Victoria Smith’s career as a Lodging House Keeper at 7 East Street-- but not her dairy distributorship and other businesses there.

From 1907 to 1908 Ernest held the post of surgeon for the Royal Engineers, at their Chatham, Kent HQ. He was then appointed surgical specialist for Scottish Command based at the Edinburgh Garrison. On 22^nd July 1909 he was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, proposed by Francis Mitchell Caird (his old mentor & later President of the College),seconded by William Leslie Bennett. rather intriguingly he put his "Country address" as Co. Wexford Ireland!     Why?

189   Membership of Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh

On 5 Oct 1910 he was posted to India(with Adele) where he was i/c of the special VD Hospitals in Poonamallu, Madras and Ahmednagar, the Deccan. He said he found the life "dull and monotonous", "playing tennis & bridge" On 28 May 1913 he was made Major.He had accumulated his annual leaves until he had 8 months due to him. Adele wished to see her family in the US and so from Sept 1913 to 1 Aug 1914  they travelled to America. While there he became acquainted with specialists in mental and spinal disorders at the Rockefeller Institute and also visited John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore where he observed, and spent 4 months of his leave researching, new developments in this field. He also did post-graduate work in the genito-urinary field and in dermatology while in NYC

In Apr 1914  he sailed to Kingston with Adele to see his mother Jane—still living at 7 East Street. On 5 May 1914 he returned via New York on the SS Trent.

190  Ernest & Adele  USA Immigration record

He is described on the US immigration schedule as "37, 6 foot,and  Adele as 32, 5’6”, both fair, blue eyes, brown hair, last in New York 1911(?), last permanent address “Jamaica”. Next of kin "J V Smith, 7 East St, Kingston. They sailed back on the Mauretania to Liverpool arriving 1 June 1914 “en route back to India”. But he was then put in command of the Military Hospital, Rochester Row, Westminster which treated the Brigade of Guards. His duties included training junior RAMC officers for active service in WW1.

His daughter Violet was born on 22 June 1916 at 44 Ashley Gardens, a mansion block just 100 yards from Westminster (RC) Cathedral. (Later it was disclosed the Foreign Section of the Secret Service Bureau(MI6) was HQ’d in this block!) Ernest was 40, Adele 35. In 1916 at a time of considerable Irish unrest, he was posted to Irish Command, Dublin where he was in charge of enlarging a special military hospital. They had son Geoffrey Ernest Ffrench , my father, there on 25^th Nov 1917. Coincidentally (or not?), while living in Dublin, Ernest and Adele were at Ailesbury Park, a block away from 35 Ailesbury Road where Michael Edward Smith & Jane Grace had lived.

In 1917,while WW1 still raged, he acquired for £660 a 35 year lease on 66 Harley Street in London together with its stables at 32 Weymouth Mews;

191 192  66 Harley Street & 32 Weymouth Mews

Where did the money come from? Michael Edward’s Will?

On leaving Dublin Ernest received a “Letter of appreciation from L(ocal) Govt Board Ireland”. On Dec 3 1917 he was posted to the trenches in Northern France. Appointed Acting Lieut Colonel 9 Nov 1918  he was commanding 51 and 56 Field Hospitals at Etaples, France also Vimy Ridge, Bethune & Arras "He directed the work of patching up maimed and wounded soldiers" &  was twice mentioned in despatches(MIDs),16 Mar 1919 & 10July 1919.

According to the RAMC records he was “brought to notice of Secretary of State for War(ie Winston Churchill!) for valuable services rendered”.

He retired from the RAMC 20 Aug 1920 with the British War medal and Victory medal &  2 MIDs. He became a M.R.C.P London and went into private practice,  In April 1923 the Gleaner wrote;

193      Gleaner  re Col Ffrench  “distinguished son of Jamaica”

194   Portrait Ernest George Ffrench  post WW1

He co-authored a medical book which drew heavily on his military medical experiences;

195          Syphilis & Venereal Diseases

On 29^th June1925 David Carvalho died intestate.  Ernest, Adele, Violet & Geoffrey sailed from Liverpool to New York. Ellis Island records show him as leaving Liverpool, England 20^th July 1925 on the ship “Caronia” and arriving in New York on 2 Aug 1925. He was described as aged 48, a surgeon, of British nationality, sailing with Adele Miriam his wife, age 48, an American, & with daughter Violette, age 8 and son(my father) Geoffrey Ernest, age 7.

The family paid a short visit from New York to Jamaica in Sept/Oct to see Jane Victoria Smith before returning on SS Carillo Oct 10^th to New York. Many years later my father Geoffrey wrote of meeting his grandmother Jane when he was aged "8"—he headed it “Just a slip of a Girl!”;

“She was still an upright, tall old lady, still over 6 feet it is said, and certainly to a small boy of 8 she had a presence. I remember the first time I entered being rather terrified, one at having to meet my ancient granny and two, on looking up at the balcony to see three or four enormous negresses, leaning over and grinning, with delight or what I wasn’t able to say. My greeting from my grandmother has oddly left no impression, overwhelmed no doubt by the warmth and affection immediately lavished on my sister, a year older, and myself from the moment the old dears upstairs got hold of us”. This was Ernest’s last visit to his mother Jane who died in Kingston in 1927.

David Carvalho died intestate—probably just as well for Adele as she might otherwise have been cut out. Eldest brother Bertram was appointed administrator & she received a fifth share  from the Estate ie $4150

In 1928 Ernest extended to 999 years  the lease of 66 Harley Street and 32 Weymouth Mews at a cost of £3250.Ground Rent £110 p.a. Clearly the cash from David Carvalho’s estate plus the profit on the sale of 7 East St was the source.  If kept these properties would now be worth £5-6 million!

Ernest's daughter Violet was presented at Court to King George V & Queen Mary --ie she was a "debutante" .Son Geoffrey went to one of England's top Public (ie independent) Schools, Harrow, then Cambridge University .

How proud Jane their grandmother from downtown Kingston, Jamaica would have been!

In 1933 when presumably Jane's friend Julia Whannel died, Ernest obtained probate of her Jamaica Will and presumably disposed of the remaining Water Lane premises.

In Dec 1934 Ernest, Adele and Violet returned to New York for 3 months when he was appointed Associate Professor New York Polyclinic and Postgraduate School. The family stayed with Adele's sister Maie Sturhahn in Hartford, Connecticut and during that time Ernest gave an interview to the Hartford Courant-- [10] --about his life—images 238-241. He made no reference to his humble birth and upbringing in Jamaica--somewhat surprisingly perhaps  but these were different  times.

Despite being recorded at birth as coloured, his photos show him as quite pale and European featured & none of his 30+ descendants to date over 4 generations show any African features or colour—although, one or two are quite olive skinned, which previously we had put down to Adele’s Jewish genes.

196 Studio photo of Ernest G Ffrench

Ernest continued to practice at 66 Harley St, London till he died of a coronary thrombosis in 1937 at 61 at his house Shernover, Broad Oak, Brenchley, Kent, England. Here he is with Adele

               197        Ernest and Adele Ffrench

198  Death of Col Ffrench per Gleaner

His estate was valued at pnds20,000 less debts(mortgage on Harley Street?) of pnds 10,000. Adele apparently had difficulty in disposing of the Harley St lease in 1937 and claimed “ financial difficulties” Although Ernest had carefully constructed his will to limit Adele’s access to the capital, setting up a trust fund, nothing was left when she died 20 years later.

          199     Ernest’s Estate per Gleaner

Chapter 12  

Ernest's in-laws the Carvalho's, a Jewish-American family

The Carvalhos deserve a book of their own--Indeed several have been written. The most illustrious of all the family  was nineteenth century  Solomon II Nunes Carvalho . He was an early photographer in the mid 1850's and the story of his epic journey on horseback across the United States with Colonel  Fremont's expedition has been written about many times--particularly by his grand-daughter, my late cousin  Joan Sturhahn.

                         200    Joan Sturhahn

                201 Adele Carvalho’s family tree

A proposal for a TV documentary "Carvalho's Journey" .can be found at  http://www.brandeis.edu/jewishfilm/pdf/Fiscal%20Sponsorship/Carvalho_proposal.pdf  with a 11 minute trailer at  http://vimeo.com/21938803

A few family photos, portraits & stories are included here to give a flavour of the exotic family into which Ernest married-despite the disapproval of his wife Adele's father. Clearly as Spanish-Portuguese Sephardic Jews the Carvalho’s must originally have been refugees from the Inquisition—around 1490-1550.The earliest we have identified so far is “Samuel Nunes Carvalho” born in the Netherlands  about 1665. So the “Nunes Carvalho” name goes back at least 1665. Samuel died in London 1728

Samuel’s son Isaac Nunes Carvalho was born 1690 in London and died 1733 , buried in Bevis Marks Synagogue’s Novo Jewish cemetery London. He had a son Samuel born about 1715 who on 18 Feb 1739 married in Kent, Bathsheba de Solomon de Meza (born about 1720-died before 1757).

Samuel & Bathsheba had a son Solomon I Nunes Carvalho who was born in London, 1740 England. As an adult Solomon I worked in London as an artisan in coral & amber from 1761-1784.Solomon I married on 5 April 1765 at Bevis Marks , Judith Henriques Pimental (born 1744 died 23 June 1805(?) Over the next 26 years they had nine children including Emanuel Nunes (born 14 Nov 1768/70)  and David I Nunes. (born 4 Nov 1785)

Emanuel Nunes studied Hebrew and other languages at Bevis Marks and in 1790  married Sarah Rodrigues Moraira  the daughter of rabbi Benjamin. Bevis Marks had a close connection with the synagogue in Bridgetown, Barbados and in 1799 after a religious dispute in London, Emanuel Nunes travelled there as hazan (reader) to the Nidhe Israel congregation. He proved not to be very suitable and departed for New York in 1806. There he taught Hebrew and other languages privately and for the Polonies Talmud Torah School of Shearith Israel. After disputes about his pay he accepted in 1811 the post of hazan at Beth Elohim, Charleston “then the best post on the continent”.

In Charleston Emanuel was not only hazan but established a school where he taught Hebrew & Spanish. But he got in trouble with the religious authorities and a riot resulted in the synagogue with clubs and boxing! As a result he lost “the small remnant of respectability and character” he had. But he stayed in the city until 1814 when he moved to Philadelphia, publishing a Hebrew Grammar & a dictionary & where he died 20 Mar 1817, buried in the Jewish Ground, Spruce Street.

 David I Nunes Carvalho emigrated to Charleston, South Carolina aged 26  in 1811(or 1809?) to join older brother Emanuel aged 41. In 1812 David  was classified by South Carolina Marshals as “single,25 years 10 months, lapidary,enemy alien no intention to naturalise”. Nevertheless later that year he was with the volunteers in the Charleston Merchant Service militia defending the city against the British! In 1814 Sarah d’Azevedo visits Charleston with her father hazan Benjamin and mother Judith de Paz of London. Later that year they marry. Sarah was 21  (born 1793-died 1864).

                                     Solomon II Nunes Carvalho’s father David I

             202   David I  Nunes Carvalho (1858)

David I ’s famous son Solomon (II) was born 27 Apr 1815 

 The Carvalho’s were a hot-tempered lot--on November 21 1818 David was “assaulted, insulted and abused by Nathan Hart in the Hebrew synagogue”. The Court found David Carvalho guilty of an indictable offense. Carvalho became a member of the Reformed Society of Israelites in the 1820’s—Nathan Hart opposed reform. In 1825 David participated in the publication of  a new Prayer Book and Hymnal. He particularly wanted to give the same recognition to daughters as sons, so showers the same blessings on a girl as in a boy’s circumcision ceremony.

Ceremony of Naming a daughter

By 1827 David & Sarah had had 8 children. They moved to Baltimore in 1828, (apparently leaving Solomon behind in Charleston-to finish his studies?), David manufacturing paper, then to Philadelphia in 1835. In the meantime Solomon at 19 had become a “Professional artist” painting the Beth Elohim synagogue. After it burns down in 1838, the congregation pay him $50 for it. By 1838 David & the rest of the family appear back in Charleston with Solomon  running a dry goods store there. In 1840 Solomon paints the “child with rabbits” picture, subsequently used on US & Canada banknotes. The whole family then move to Barbados, again manufacturing paper, &  where in late 1842/early 1843 daughter Sarah aged 19 and son Benjamin 15 die—an epidemic?

Sarah & Benjamin’s headstone in the Bridgetown, Barbados cemetery

3 July 1844 the Carvalho family  leave Barbados on the ship J Cohen Turks Island for Philadelphia, now a “watchmaker”. There, their son Solomon meets Sarah Miriam Solis. He falls for her; as her father had died  Solomon  wrote to her brother (also Solomon!) for his consent to the match;

Philadelphia, July 16,1845

To; Solomon Solis Esq, New York City

Dear Sir,

           Altho personally unknown, I take the liberty to address you on a subject of much moment, and importance to me. I shall try to explain my views and purport of this letter in as few words as possible.

           I arrived here a short time since from Barbados, in company with my honored Parents and Sisters with whom you are already acquainted. Your good family with their usual hospitality received them as well as myself. Since which I have availed myself of their kind invitations and  their society has afforded me much pleasure.

           For your esteemed sister, Sarah, I have conceived other than mere commonplace feelings. Her amiability, sweetness of temper, together with a congeniality of disposition and I dare hope a reciprocity of sentiment, have awakened in my bosom feelings of a deep and ardent affection and as her guardian and Elder Brother, I deem it a duty I owe you, to acquaint you with my pretentions, and to obtain your sanction, that I may make her Honorable proposals of Marriage, the consummation of which would render me most happy.

           To my Family connections, you can make no reasonable objections. My personal character, although not entirely free from all the little piccadeleos of youth still I hope displays some remains of those honourable feelings which have won for myself a respectable standing in Society. It is, of course, open to your strictest investigation and you would then be but only exercising the same prerogative I should myself assume were I in your situation.

           My pecuniary means are sufficiently ample to offer to a wife all the comforts and necessaries of life if not all its luxuries.

           Should I be so fortunate as to receive your sanction to my suit, I need hardly say I will cherish for your Sister those feelings which I should wish a Husband to have for my own sisters.

            Trusting that you may have arrived safely and that you may have a happy meeting with your loved family and friends.

       I subscribe myself,  With much consideration,

       Yours Respectfully,       Solomon N. Carvalho,

On 15 Oct 1845 Solomon married Sarah (born15 Oct 1824-dies 1894).    While on honeymoon they are shipwrecked!

 Sarah’s parents(of royal ancestry) were Jacob daSilva Solis & Charity Hays & they had been married by Solomon’s Uncle Emanuel

205  Young  Solomon in the fashionable silhouette style of the time 1841

204    A self-portrait by Solomon II 1844

205   Carvalho’s painting of his wife Sarah Miriam Solis 1856

Gallery Description: Sarah Solis Carvalho (Painting).   Solomon Nunes Carvalho, artist, daguerreotypist and portrait painter, was a native of Charleston, South Carolina. He later resided variously in Barbados, Philadelphia, Baltimore and finally New York. Carvalho helped establish a Sephardic congregation, Beit Israel, in Baltimore.  This is a portrait of his wife Sarah Miriam Solis (1824-1894). The pair were married in 1845 by the groom's friend, Reverend Isaac Leeser (1806-1868), hazzan of Congregation K.K. Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia. Sarah Carvalho was founder and President of the Baltimore Hebrew Sunday School Association.

Carvalho's sources for the composition (the rich drapery swag to the sitter's left, and the non-specific view through the window to her right) and tonality of this portrait lie ultimately in 18th century European painting, filtered through such American painters as Gilbert Stuart and Thomas Sully, with a touch of Victorian sentimentality. It is interesting to note that Carvalho's experience with photographic portraits did not influence this portrait of his wife.

Creator: Solomon Nunes Carvalho    Object Origin: Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.   Date: ca. 1856   Medium: oil on canvas   Repository: Yeshiva University Museum, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY

     206 Sarah’s parents Jacob & Charity

207 Solomon Carvalho  was a striking young man    (1848 self-portrait)

At this time the family lived at 148 South Juniper St., Philadelphia. David I’s business being at 21 St James Street. From 1845-50 Solomon learns the daguerreotype process. On 29 Sep 1848 Solomon & Sarah’s son David (II) was born.  Residence 1849 the delightful 144 Chestnut Street Philadelphia. In  1849/50 Solomon was an officer of the Hebrew Society while in 1850 David  I was made a judge of the Court of Arbitration.

            214 Solomon self-portrait 1849

 In the 1850 US Census they have moved to Baltimore—David now a “Daguerian” (an early type of photographer).Solomon opens Gallery of Fine Arts at 205 Baltimore St and Gallery of Ivory and other Daguerrotypes at the Odeon, corner of 4-1/2 Street & Pennsylvania Ave,Washington D.C. In 1850 Solomon paints “Little Miss Carvalho”.

222 Solomons niece –a d’azevedo?

By 1852 Solomon’s main occupation was “daguerrotypist”. At this time Solomon advertised his 230 King Street Gallery in the Charleston Courier, was appointed to the special committee of the Shearith Israel Congregation synagogue, listed his “Grand Sky-light Daguerrian Gallery at 167 Meeting Street,Charleston and invented the process for the transparent enamelling of daguerrotypes. For this latter process he was employed by Jeremiah Gurney of New York City

 In 1853 John C Fremont asked Solomon to join his proposed expedition to find a railroad route through the Rockies.

Solomon (II) Nunes Carvalho-- Per the US Library of Congress-- “was born in Charleston, South Carolina, into a Jewish family of Spanish-Portuguese descent. Carvalho worked as both a painter and a photographer. During the winter of 1853-54, Carvalho accompanied the explorer John C Fremont through the territories of Kansas,Colorado and Utah searching for a railroad route to the Pacific.The daguerrotypes that Carvalho took on this expedition no longer exist.

208  Solomon Carvalho  Artist-hero of the Wild West

The expedition set off 5 Sep 1853. They were lost for six months & mourned as dead(per Claire Carvalho). On 8 Feb 1854 they reached Utah and were rescued by the Mormon Heap family. They arrived 1 Mar 1854 in Salt Lake City and Los Angeles 13 June 1854.

209 & 210     Maps of Col Fremont’s expedition through the Rockies 1853-4

211  Solomon & col Fremont in the rockies

     212  Brigham Young, Salt Lake City 1854

On his journey, Solomon met Brigham Young, the Utah State Governor & founder of Salt Lake City, and the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints(The Mormons or LDS). Curiously Col Fremont had earlier been the first European to visit in Sept 1843 what became the site of Salt Lake City. Much later the LDS records of births, marriages and deaths became a major resource for this family history. Above is the portrait Solomon painted of him

          215 Solomon’s david & charity 1854

In Sept 1856 Solomon published “Incidents of Travel & Adventure….with Col. Fremont”. He took a flat fee of $300 instead of a 5 cents per book royalty which would have paid him $1500! In 1856/7 he is listed as an artist in the Baltimore City Directory at 35 South Gay Street.In 1858/9 he is listed at 81 Liberty St Baltimore. In 1859 he paints “Little Annie Abrams” aged 2—Annie later becomes his son David II’s wife.

                    221 Little Annie Abrams

In 1860 he is listed at 92 Saratoga St Baltimore. Solomon’s  father  David dies 9 Feb 1860.

216 217  Solomons gallery in Baltimore

Sarah & family move to New York City—Solomon to New Orleans to start up a steam-heating invention. The Carvalho’s are not on the 1860 Census—its Civil War time.In 1862 Solomon rejoins his family in New York at their residence 177^th Street,Tremont. His Studio is at “Dodsworth’s, 204 Fifth Avenue per the National Academy of Design.

                    220     solomons son Jacob

 In 1864 his studio is at 59 East 13^th St where he paints his sister Miriam “Mona Lisa style”(Centre).An 1865 Tax assessment states his income as $75 tax thereon $3.75.  mmm!

221 Miriam & solomon’s brothers in law

In 1864 David exhibits his self-portrait at the National Academy of Design(entry 256) and in 1865 paints Abraham Lincoln for his 2^nd inauguration 4 March. According to his grand-daughters Maie & Claire David II went with his father Solomon to the White House for the sitting.

         213  Abe Lincoln by Solomon Carvalho

The 1870 US Census shows Solomon aged 53 Artist & Portrait painter with Real Estate of $6500, Sarah 42 keeping house, David II a “clerk in soap manfg” plus children  Charrie, Jacob(later Uncle Jack) & Solomon Solis. With Sarah he directed a religious school—part of Hand-in-Hand Congregation NYC. He had a cataract operation in 1871. In the fall of 1872 he travelled to Martinique with son David II &  produced the “Album of Martinique with 24 plates”. Here is a delightfully dramatic  photograph of the two of them on the voyage;

                      219 Solomon with son David N Carvalho

            218   Sarah in later life, 1871-3 

          223      Solomon with a friend 1876

In 1876 aged 61  he patents his Steam Heating System. Awarded the American Institute’s Medal of Excellence. He is still living at 177^th Street, Tremont but by 1885 is at 24 East 131^st Street,NYC. On 2 May 1894 Sarah died & Solomon moved in with daughter Charity. He was obviously a popular grandfather. David’s daughter Maie wrote later;

 “ I remember my darling grandfather, when I was small….wearing a black velvet smoking jacket; and as we were greeted with a hug and a kiss, and a whisper of “put your hand in my pocket” and we did that AT ONCE and pulled outa soft VERY CRUSHED chocolate cream candy; but its taste was marvelous….he entertained us royally. We all loved to visit him, and Grandmother too. She….always seemed to be able to change the temper of her grandchildren intoa pleasing one, without any change of voice—as we all had (and still have) the hot impatient tempers which we all claim we inherit from …our Portuguese & Spanish forebears”

Solomon died aged 82 21 May 1897,buried in the Congregation Shearith Israel NYC cemetery

224  the last picture we have of Solomon

David II Nunes Carvalho, Solomon's son, became famous in his own right as a Handwriting expert. He testified in many trials as an expert witness & contributed greatly to the acquittal of Dreyfus in the famous trial in Paris

225 David Nunes Carvalho

Solomon had a friendship of many years with Julian Abrams, who married an Englishwoman, Elizabeth Lumly and gone abroad. One of their children was Annie, the charming little girl whose portrait was painted by Carvalho when she was two years old

            226   Little Annie Abrams

According to Maie, when the Abrams children were almost grown, the family returned to the US renting a house in Whitestone, Long Island and met up again with the Carvalho’s.

One day , Maie later wrote,  Annie was playing the piano and the young people were dancing. Annie “looked across the room and there stood an Adonis, so handsome, a large opera cape flowing over his shoulders—she was frozen. He came across the room and said  “this must be the girl the whole family are in love with. Come on lets dance”

 “ I cannot” said Annie “ its my turn to play the piano”  “ Nonsense” said David “ Let someone else do it” And without any music he waltzed her around the room. David and Annie became Maie’s parents of course, marrying on 22 March 1876. My grandmother Adele Miriam was born exactly 9 months later on 21 Dec 1876.

According to another daughter Claire Carvalho, “My father …started his career as a photographer….when all photographers wore flaring black silk ties, wide black slouch hats and…sought to have themselves associated….with art rather than science”. His main profession however was as a “Handwriting Expert”.

 In Crime in Ink,  Claire described her father, making note of his Portuguese ancestry and the time he spent in Brazil:

My father's constant association with the problems of proof worked curious changes in his character. As a young man he went to South America. His ancestry was Portuguese and in Brazil he found a sympathetic background for every one of his artistic tendencies. Then he wore a tender little moustache and on the curve of his chin, just under his lower lip, a tiny tuft of black beard. His disposition was romantic anyway, and when he returned from South America his friends saw him in a black cloak like those that are worn in Spain and Portugal and in countries influenced by them.... A Don Juan, my father's friends said of him when he returned to the United States; but if he was, he had a complete recovery except for a certain careless elegance. He worshipped my mother, who died when I was a small girl, but after her death he would not have a woman around his house other than his daughters.

227 228   David Nunes Carvalho

By 1896 David & family had moved out of the City to Breezy Point, Far Rockaway (near present day JFK airport) and were very much part of the New York (Sephardic) Jewish society set.The New York Eagle & other newspapers carry many stories about the Carvalho daughters' social calendar

229   Carvalho’s in New York Society—

           a (Christian) family wedding for Daughter Maie Carvalho

Claire was the literary one of the family writing an (unsuccessful!) Broadway musical “Paging Danger” & other works.

1903 David’s wife Annie died. In 1904 David wrote “Forty Centuries of Ink”.

In 1907 his eldest daughter Adele(David’s main carer) married Captain Dr Ernest George Ffrench . David never spoke to his daughter Adele again. By 1920 he was working in NYC in 1oth Street, close to 5^th Avenue still doing his handwriting investigations, mainly for court cases.

Claire wrote “He did not believe anyone else in the world in his limited profession was in a class with (himself).” In the 1925 NYC Directory an advert describes him as “Expert in Handwriting” at 258 Broadway,R409 On 29 Jun 1925 he died at his New Rochelle, Westchester, NY  home  intestate—strange for such a pernickety man.

“ My father devoted a great deal of his time to a consideration of disputed Wills. …Others have (hidden) their wills in some queer cache (where)….they would not think of concealing even a small amount of money” “Long before his career had passed its zenith, my father estimated that he had affected the courts’ decisions as to….. property aggregating over £200million…a large share (being) will disputes”

“When my father died we children hunted high and low for signs of a Will. There was none in his safe-deposit box, nor among any of his papers. My sisters and brothers do not think he ever executed a will. I believe that he did and that he put it away for safe-keeping. Perhaps he had more than one deposit box. Somehow where a will is concerned men cannot help being secretive. When he died he was trying to tell us something but he could not force his lips and tongue to form the words. “Box” he said. “What is it father?” asked one of my brothers. “Box” he repeated. Then he ceased to be able to say anything”

Claire Carvalho Weiller 1929 from “Crime in Ink”

So the estate of $23,500 odd was administered as an intestacy and eldest son Bertram appointed administrator by the Surrogates Court, Westchester, NY to distribute the assets equally among the 5 siblings. Adele used her share to purchase the long lease on 66 Harley Street, London.

Chapter 13

Generation 7

Children of Ernest George Ffrench, & Adele Miriam (Carvalho) Ffrench, 

Violet(te) Ffrench, b. 15 June 1916. d California,31 July 2003. Violet(te) was a "Debutante" presented at Court to King Edward V & the Queen on Tuesday May 15th 1934 (aged 18) by Adele; "Miss Ffrench wore a gown of white taffeta and net with applique taffeta leaves over a silver underdress. A train to match”.  "Mrs E G Ffrench wore a gown of gold & fuschia coloured lame. A train of old lace over ruched chiffon outlined with fuschia velvet.(both from Marshall & Snelgrove, Oxford St,W)" An expensive year for Ernest!

230  Violet with her mother Adele

231 Adele with her son Geoffrey Ffrench , my father  in RAF uniform

232    In Adele's old age with Geoffrey

233  Dr Geoffrey Ffrench , my father

              (b 25 Nov 1917 d 25 Jan 1980),

Generation 8

This was me, Nancy Ffrench when I married Keith Atkinson in 1970.    Keith researched & wrote most of this Ffrench Family History.

234     Nancy Atkinson nee Ffrench

235 236 237  These are my 3 siblings around the same time;  Jonathan, Susan & Simon.

Finally here is a fascinating interview dated 1935  with Ernest George Ffrench just before he died, conducted by the Hartford Courier.

238/9/40/41  From the Hartford Courier

And that's the story so far…….!

 Chapter 15  “Carvalho’s Journey”

American Jews no longer thought in terms of defined limitations but rather as Americans whose minds and opportunities knew no boundaries and could expand with the West. A new Jew was being formed.
-Jerry Klinger, President, Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation

…My heart beat with fervent anxiety, and whilst I felt happy, and free from the usual care and trouble, I still could not master the nervous debility which seized me while surveying the grand and majestic works of nature…. I was far way from the comforts of my home….A deep sigh of longing for the society of man wrested itself from my breast.
- Solomon Nunes Carvalho, Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West, 1854

CARVALHO'S JOURNEY, a documentary film for PBS, tells the story of Solomon Nunes Carvalho (1815-1897), a Sephardic-American Jew born in Charleston, South Carolina, and his life as a groundbreaking explorer, artist, photographer, inventor, memoirist, and pioneer in American history.


Centering on Carvalho’s extraordinary journey across the United States in 1853 as the first professional photographer ever to capture images of the West, the film weaves interviews with scholars and writers, stunning original landscape cinematography (in High Definition Video and S-16mm film), rare early photographs and daguerreotypes of the West, portraits, lithographs, drawings – including Carvalho’s own paintings and photographs – into a visually compelling and fascinating narrative of the expansion of the American continent.

As a member of famed explorer John C. Fremont’s Fifth Westward Expedition, Carvalho’s experience as a Jew on the western trail was unprecedented, and his experience – and his writings about it – grant a clear window into the extraordinary inter-ethnic cultural exchanges that were commonplace in this period in American history, but that are so often overlooked in history books.

Voiceover recordings by acclaimed actors bring Carvalho’s dramatic, funny and humanist writings to life, along with first-person accounts by Carvalho’s fellow explorers including Fremont, their Native-American guides and workingmen crew and Nineteenth-century luminaries such as Brigham Young of Utah, with whom Carvalho had a unique audience in Salt Lake City. One of the major issues the film explores is how Carvalho remained fervently devoted to his Jewish heritage throughout his long life while also participating actively in the highest levels of American culture, art and exploration.

Initial funding for the project has been provided by The Maurice Amado Foundation, The Blanche and Irving Laurie Foundation, and the Humanities Council of South Carolina.

Appendices;-

1) Arthur George Ffrench—Timelines

1851        Born.   1891 UK census says age 40, born West Indies, Jamaica; the 1901 census says 46, Jamaica; his death cert in Aug 1905 says 54 ie born 1851     The Freemasons say aged                                 25 in 1876

1870       Sept  Appted 2^nd Class Clerk Internal Revenue St Catherine’s @ £80 pa Per Blue Book. 

               Security  Bond  of £300 provided by Jamaica  Civil Service  Mutual Guarantee Assoc.

1872      ditto @£85 pa

1873      1 Jan 1st Class Clerk @ £100 pa + £10pa as Treasury Clerk + 10s per trip visiting Branch Savings Bank

1874      Apr 20^th. Ordered to Manchester as Asst Collector with ½ own ½ Asst Collector (Mr Kennedy)’s salary Aged 23 gets Frances Ann Glave pregnant age 29 (prob coloured) of Heavitree Estate,Mile Gully, Manchester.

1875      Jan 25^th  Appointed Acting Clerk to Parochial Boards (St Catherines) as “G A Ffrench”

              Mar 10^th Kathleen Glave Ffrench born @ Heavitree coloured Illegitimate

              Nov 4^th   Returns St Catherine’s as First Class Clerk @£105 + £10 +10s per trip

1876      Jan Joins Freemasons Hamilton Lodge, Spanish Town aged 25

              Clerk to Parochial Boards @ £135pa . Residence King Street, Spanish Town

              March Aged 25 gets spinster Jane Victoria Smith aged 36  pregnant

              15^th Nov Ernest George Ffrench born Spanish Town     29 Nov Age 25? Marries Frances Ann Glave Age 31 Duppy Church,St George, Mile Gully

               by Rev WJ Drought by Licence Both “Full age”  Occupation Clerk of Municipal Board

               Witnesses John Sawyers & FW Bonitto ie no Ffrench’s there   20 Dec Son Ernest  baptized “Illegitimate  Coloured” in  Spanish Town by Rev Chas F Douet

               Father-Arthur G Ffrench Clerk of Municipal Board Mother-Jane Vic Smith Address Spanish Town        

1877       Salary @ £150 In June gets Frances(Fanny) Ann Glave Pregnant

1878       Same salary Attends inauguration new Custos Isaac Levy

               22 Mar Frances Eliza Glave Ffrench born Heavitree

               Arthur is Secretary Hamilton Lodge Freemasons Spanish Town

1879       Same salary In March gets Fanny pregnant

               May/June Arthur is Executor to Sophia Galway, Widow, decd.(Connection?)

               Dec 9^th St George Moore Glave Ffrench born

               On leave half-salary 8^th Dec to 24^th July 1880(Coffee crop picking?-caring for dying “Uncle” Edward?)

1880       same salary On long leave again from 1^st Sept 1880

                Nov 25^th Elected Member of Jamaica Institute(with other VIPs)

1881       same salary On leave half-pay to 27^th May 1881 In March gets Fanny pregnant 

               Nov 30 Arthur Peter born(Grandfather Don & Donna Jones)

1884        same salary plus £12 as Chief Almoner In March gets Fanny  pregnant

                Master of Freemasons Hamilton Lodge Sep 6^th Attends Theatre Royal Kingston as a Jamaica Masonic

                Benevolence as “Brother” with  GeorgeIII Ffrench- is there a family connection?

                St Catherine’s Institute, Spanish Town, Committee of Management Secretary

                Dec 3 Stephen Shirley(why Shirley?) Glave Ffrench born.  Fanny is 39

1885        same  salary

1886        same  salary . Masonic “District Grand Lodge Steward”

                July 26^th “Bare-faced robbery” of £300 from his office by “a young fellow Mr Ffrench entertains”

1887         Per Colonial Standard 28^th Jan “In consequence of the absence from the island, without leave, of Mr A.G.Ffrench,   Clerk of the Parochial Board of St Catherine, H.E. the Governor has declared that office vacant.”   & 26^th April “ It may prove of interest to some parties to learn of the whereabouts of the late Clerk of the Parochial Boards of St Catherine. We are in a position to state that on the 28^th(March) he was in London, but he intended leaving for Australia in the early part of the present month. Our information adds, it may be some time before Mr Ffrench returns to Jamaica”

He abandons his wife + 5 children aged 2-11(& Ernest+ Jane Victoria) Is dismissed effective December 1886

1891         per England Census is resident at the Chas Wm Mowl Victoria Home for Working Men,East London.

                 Occupation  Clerk age 40 married

1895        Nov 21 appointed 21 Nov 1895 as temporary 4^th assistant clerk in the Clerk’s Office of the Poor Law Guardians’ Office at a wage of 30 shillings a week. It is recorded in the Register of Officers 1890-99 ref WaBG194/2 of the Wandsworth & Clapham (Poor Law) Union and in Folio Vol 4 page 496 of the Minute Book of the Guardians, It was reported to the Local Government Board on 31 Dec 1895. His appointment letter was referenced “Form of Query LB6/408” but cannot be traced in the Form of Query files. His appointment was sanctioned by the Local Government Board 4 March 1896—Number of LGB letter 44 (not found). The Guardians were the  Trustees appointed in each Borough to administer the Poor Law. They collected the “Poor Law rates” and used the funds to run the local WorkHouses where homeless, jobless local persons were employed.

1896         16 March son Stephen Shirley Glave Ffrench dies aged 11

1898          Mar 10^th salary was increased to 35 shillings a week 10 Mar 1898 per Minute Book 6 page 653 effective 11 March—LGB letter 92. On15 June 1900 a dinner allowance of £15 (p.a.?) in lieu of dinner was added No 166 SR Folio 88. The appointment was made permanent after the purchase by the Guardians of the Tooting Workhouse and he remained employed by the Guardians until his death-- per records at London Metropolitan archives

1901         per England Census resident 61 Strathblaine Rd Clapham London Occ Clerk in Guardian’s office Single 46

1904         Dec 15^th Frances Eliza Glave Ffrench “2^nd dau of the late Arthur George Ffrench” marries

1905        Aug 8^th dies 20 Oberstein Rd, Battersea, age 54  Kidney/cardiac failure Informant E Ashelford landlady

1906        Admon Calendar Estate of £62-17-10 by executrix E Ashelford to widow Frances Ann Ffrench, Jamaica.

2) CARVALHO Family -Timelines

The Carvalho’s came from Spain-Portugal-- Sephardic Jews who fled the Inquisition(1450-1520), migrating to the Canaries, Holland, London, British West Indies, South America & USA.  The main sources are the Bevis Marks London synagogue(BM) records & US censuses

A)SAMUEL NUNES CARVALHO (b abt 1665 Netherlands d 1728 London)

B)ISAAC NUNES CARVALHO (1690/d1733 bur Novo Jewish Cemtry London BM)

 WILL s/b in UK Probate records Dec  1735 July  Born where? Married who??

1715 Son Samuel Nunes born LondonBM

C) SAMUEL NUNES CARVALHO (1715/??)

18 Feb1739 Kent,UK m1 BATHSHEBA de Solomon deMEZA (abt 1720/bef 1757)BM

1740 son Solomon(Selomoh) born London BM

10 Aug 1757 m2 Est(h)er de Isaac Alvarez BM

D) SOLOMON I NUNES CARVALHO (1740/1835?)

1740 born London

1761-1784  Working in London in coral & amber

5 Apr 1765 m Judith Henriques Pimental London BM (b 1744/ d 23 Jun 1805?BM)

3 Aug 1768 Bathsheba born BM

14 Nov 1770  Emanuel Nunes born BM (died  1817)

1779 Rebecca Nunes bornBM

1780 Twins born is one Rebecca?

10 Aug 1781 Isaac Nunes born BM

2 Nov 1783 Sarah Nunes born BM

4 Nov 1785 DavidI Nunes born BM

1 May 1789 Benjamin Nunes born BM

1 Dec 1791 Abraham Nunes born London BM

1800 on? sons schooled at Bevis Marks synagogue London?

1822 address 18 West Place,City Rd &/or 18 John’s Row, St Luke’s

London per Baines History & Directory(?)

1835 died prob London,England-no doc found

Dr EMANUEL NUNES CARVALHO(DavidI’s older brother & SolomonII’s uncle)
14 Nov 1770(68?) born London-son of an artisan

1790 marr Sarah Rodrigues Moreira of London.Her father was Benjamin Rodrigues Moreira

1799 leftLondon after religious dispute Became  Hazan in  Barbados to Nidhe Israel congregation

1806 arrived New York(1807 per Jews of Charleston)

1808/11 Res New York.

1810 Taught Hebrew at Polonies Talmud Torah Schoolof Shearith Israel

1810 census numbers family inc 3 slaves! !In NYC!

1811 Sarah Moraira visits SC

1811 Appted hazan of Beth Elohim congregation  Charleston SC until 1814

1812 Introduced innovations in the Beth Elohim service

Taught Spanish & Hebrew. Assault case!

23 Aug 1812 Son David born

19 Nov 1813 Son David dies aged 1 yr 2 mths 27 days buried Charleston cemetery

23 Dec 1813 Naturalised US citizen

1814 resigned then to Philadelphia

1815 Published first Hebrew Grammar by an American Jew

1816 Succeeded Abraham Cohen as minister(Phil Hist)

20 Mar1817 died Philadelphia while compiling Hebrew-English dictionary

(WILL ref AJHS Vol XXVII +  EN A(dler)

24 Jan 1831 wife Sarah died Philadelphia(or Connecticut?)

E) DAVID I NUNES CARVALHO  (1784/1860)

ENGLAND

4 Nov 1785 born London BM

1800? Schooled at Bevis Marks synagogue?

CHARLESTON,S CAROLINA

1811 Left UK for Charleston where brother  Emanuel was living(This Happy Land says 1809)

1812 per SC US Marshals “enemy alien”  “no intent to naturalise”

1812 In Charleston Merchant. Service with volunteers fighting  British

23 Dec 1813 Naturalises as US citizen

1814 M in Charleston Sarah d’Azevedo 1793/1864(Dau of  Hazan Benjamin D’Azevedo & Judith de Paz of London)

27 Apr 1815 son SolomonII Nunes born—see below

1816 Benvenuta Isabella Nunes b  (she m 1834 Phineas Solomon, she d 1915)

22 Mar 1817  Emanuel Nunes b ( he m Caroline A Woolf 1 Dec 1841 Emanuel d 13 Mar 1883 They had a child Sarah 7 a son David who died aged 1. Caroline”Carrie” was b 1824 d 1904)

21 Nov 1818 Assaulted by Nathan Hart in Hebrew synagogue

4 July 1819   Julia b (d 22 Jan 1887 unmar) in 1850 census

1820 census numbers family but no names

1822   dau Rachel b per1850 census(m

Sep 1823  dau Sarah b (dies 1842 in Barbados)

1825 + others creates Reformed Society of Israelites, Seyles Masonic Hall on Meeting St. He is on the Corresponding Comittee

1826 dau Clara b per  1850 census

1827 son Benjamin b (dies 1842 in Barbados)

1827 Lecturer of the Congregation. Orator.

BALTIMORE,MARYLAND

1828 Moved N to Baltimore as manufacturer of paper per city directory

1828 Sophia b on 1850 census

1830 Census numbers family but no names

1830 Jointly publishes Hebrew prayer book & hymnal

PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA

1835 Isaac born Jun dies Dec

10 Nov 1838  Miriam b  ( m 7 Nov 1866 Isador Osorio who d 1910)

BARBADOS

1840? Family to Barbados—not on 1840 census

13 Nov 1842 Dau Sarah 19 dies Barbados

Jan 1843 Son Benjamin  15 dies Barbados

28 Jan 1844 In Bridgetown Congregation Merchant MarblePaperManufacture

3 July 1844 On ship J Cohen Jr Turks Island to Philadelphia “Watchmaker”

PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA

15 Oct 1845 Philadelphia per Solomon& Sarah’s marriage notice

1846 onwards resident 148 S Juniper St, Philadelphia. Business  at 21 St James St

1850Judge of the Court of Arbitration

BALTIMORE,MARYLAND

1850 Census Occ Daguerian with 5 daus Julia, Rachel, Clara, Sophia, Miriam

9 Feb 1860 died. buried in Hebrew cemetery

1864 wife Sarah dies

CARVALHO HOUSEHOLD BALTIMORE MD per US CENSUS 1850

House                            Age/birth yr             Origin    Occupation

647 Carvalho D W           64 abt 1786   Male England  Occ Daguerian

647 Carvalho Susan W     54 abt 1796   Female South Carolina  s/b Sarah d’Azevedo

647 Carvalho Julia N        30 abt 1820   Female South Carolina

647 Carvalho Rachel N     28 abt 1822   Female South Carolina

647 Carvalho Clara N       24 abt 1826   Female South Carolina

647 Carvalho Sophia N    23 abt 1827   Female Maryland

647 Carvalho Miriam N   10 abt 1840   Female Pennsylvania

647 Carvalho Soloman N 35 abt 1815   Male South Carolina Occ Artist

647 Carvalho Sarah N      25 abt 1825   Female New York  Miriam Solis

647 Carvalho David N       2 abt 1848   Male Pennsylvania

647 Carvalho Charity N    0 abt 1850   Female Maryland   “Charrie”

647 Hamilton Mary         26 abt 1824   Female Ireland  Occ servant

647 Tripp Sarah J            15 abt 1835   Black Female Maryland  Occ Servant

F) SOLOMON II NUNES CARVALHO(1815/1897)

CHARLESTON,South Carolina

27 Apr 1815 Born   Attended Charleston College?

1828 Parents left him @13?  to go to Baltimore

1833 Stayed in Charleston

1834 “Professional Artist” Paints Beth Elohim synagogue. After 1838 when it burnt down offers it to Congregation who pay him $50 for it.

BARBADOS?

1835 onwards working for “Uncle” ie Emmanuel or David?

1838 Dry Goods store owner in Charleston

1840 “Child with rabbits” picture used on bank notes US & Canada

20 Mar 1841 visit to  Washington DC for silhouette portrait of himself

July 1843 in Bridgetown, Barbados with sister Julia

1844 Barbados self-portrait

PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA

1845-50 Learned the daguerreotype process

16 Jul 1845 writes to Sarah’s brother re marriage

15 Oct 1845 M Sarah Miriam Solis (b 15 Oct1824/1894-Dau of Jacob daSilva Solis & Charity Hays who had been married by uncle Emanuel Carvalho—Sarah had royal ancestry from Portugal,Castile,Leon &Spain ie very establishment family)

1846 Shipwreck on honeymoon to the “Islands”

29 Sep 1848 son David born

1848 visits Washington Dinner with Prof Samuel F B Morse

1849 Exhibition of work. residence 144 Chestnut Street, Phil.(Delightful! see Google Streetview)

1849/50 Officer Hebrew Education Soc

BALTIMORE,MD

July 1849 opens Gallery of Fine Arts at 205 Baltimore St.prev location of John Plumbe Jr

1850 Listed as Daguerian Washington DC & Baltimore.Advertised his gallery of “Ivory and other Daguerrotypes” at the Odeon, corner of 4-1/2 Street and Pennsylvania Ave, Washington.

12 Apr 1850  Occ Artist where dau Charity(Charrie) born

1850 census lists family

1850 Painted Little Miss Carvalho “VKA” An Azevedo or Emanuel’s dau?.

Late 1850 moved his business  to Washington

1851 advertised in Baltimore as daguerrian & portrait painter

CHARLESTON,SC

3 Feb 1851 Advt in Charleston Courier-- Gallery at 230 King Street

1852 Spec Ctee Shearith Israel Congregation Synagogue

1852 Listed himself  “Grand Sky-light Daguerrian Gallery @167 Meeting St Charleston

23 Sep 1852 Jacob Solis born (later “Uncle Jack who married Suzanne Walker

1853 invented process for the transparent enamelling of daguerrotypes.

1853 Employed by Jeremiah Gurney NYC to utilise this process

FREMONT EXPEDITION

5 Sep 1853 “Accompanied General John C Fremont on his expedition across the Rockies as the artist of the expedition. Lost for 6 months & mourned as dead, reached California …first ever to put the beauty of the Grand Canyon on canvas” Claire Carvalho

8 Feb Arrived Parowan,Utah -saved by the Mormon Heap family

1 Mar Arrived Salt Lake City—painted many portraits Made a great deal of money.

13 June 1854 arr Los Angeles  “Carvalho & Johnson” Los Angeles

BALTIMORE,MD

1856 Paints portrait of wife Sarah Miriam Solis

Sept 1856 Published “Incidents of Travel & Adventure…with Col. Fremont….” Chose $300 flat fee instead of 5 cents per book which would have paid 5 times as much!

Jan 1856 Son SolomonIII Solis born

1856/7 listed as artist Baltimore directory resident at 35 South Gay St

1857 Founded Beth Israel synagogue, Sephardic Spanish & Portuguese customs

1857 Holiday with Sarah “Revisiting Bermuda” ? Barbados??

1858/9 listed at 81 Liberty St Baltimore

1859 Paints “Little Annie Abrams”aged 2 (She becomes DavidII’s wife later)

1860 listed at 92 Saratoga St Baltimore

1860 father David I dies & Sarah & family move to NYC-Solomon to New Orleans

NEW ORLEANS,LA

1860/61 Setting up steam heating invention in New Orleans

1861-Civil War time-Carvalho family is not on 1860 Census

NEW YORK CITY,NY

1862 Solomon joins family in NYC

1862 Res 177^th St.,Tremont Studio at “Dodsworth’s 204 5^th Ave  per Nat Acad of Design

1862 Paints son Jacob Solis

1864  studio at 59 East 13^th St Paints sister Miriam”Mona Lisa” style

1864 Exhibits self-portrait at National Academy of Design entry 256

1865 Paints portrait Abe Lincoln marking 2^nd inauguration March 4

1870 Census New York District 10

Solomon Nunes  Carvalho 53 Artist Portrait Painter Real Est $6500 Pers $500

Sarah Miriam Solis  Carvalho      42  keeps house

David Nunes  Carvalho                21  clerk in soap manfg

Charrie Solis Carvalho                 18  at home

Jacob Solis Carvalho                    17  Clerk lumber yard “Uncle Jack” 

Solomon Solis Carvalho               14

Elizth Kell                                     19  servant

1870 With Sarah directed a religious school—part of Hand-in-Hand Congregation NYC

1871 Cataract operation

1872 Fall  Travelled to Martinique with son David. Picture of them both on voyage. Produced “Album of Martinique with 24 plates” Copies in NYC Public Library and Schomberg Collection

1872/3 Paints wife Sarah

1877/8 Patents Steam Heating System-awarded Medal of Excellence by American Institute in NYC. Office address 119 Liberty Street then to 107.Resident  177^th, Tremont.

Charity Carvalho and husband Adolf Marsheutz lived next door with their 4 children Jules, Solomon, Sarah & Ethel

1885 Res at 24 East 131^st St, NYC

2 May 1894 Sarah died & Solomon went to live with Charity

21 May 1897 Solomon died New York City death cert 15519.  Solomon & Sarah were both buried in a plot belonging to The Congregation Shearith Israel in NYC,the Sephardic synagogue founded in 1654

“Jacob(Jack)  Carvalho,son of Solomon & Sarah, became president of a large lumber company in New York, married late in life to Suzanne Walker and built a lovely home in Lawrence, Long Island where they lived until their death.

“Another Carvalho son,Solomon Solis went into the newspaper business,first with Pulitzer, & then with Hearst, until his death.He also married late in life to a fellow newspaper worker,Helen Cuisak & they had 2 children.”Sol” was a connoisseur of Chinese porcelain.

“the only surviving daughter Charity ( was there another?)  became a painter of miniatures in addition to being a loving daughter,wife & mother”  per Joan Sturhahn’s “Carvalho”

G) DAVID II NUNES CARVALHO(1848/1925)

PHILADELPHIA,PENN

29 Sep1848 Born

1852 visits SC

1870? Visited South America

“My father…started his career as a photographer…when all photographers wore flaring black silk ties,wide black slouch hats and…sought to have themselves associated…with art rather than science” Claire Carvalho

NEW YORK

22 Mar 1876 M Annie Abrams 1857/1903(Dau of Julian Moses Abrams & English Lizzie Lumley(per Joan Sturhahn p 186) Per AmJewArchives Cecile”Lizzie”Myers

21 Dec 1876 Adele Miriam b

May 1878 BertramI Nunes b

1880 Dayton Nunes b dies aged 1

19 May 1882 Maie Nunes b

Nov 1885 Leslie Russell Nunes b( marries,dies auto accident)

1889 Claire b

1896 Res at Breezy Point, Far Rockaway, Jamaica Bay, NY

1901 Maie m Carl F Sturhahn at Far Rockaway

1903 Annie died(just 27 yrs married)

1904 Wrote “Forty Centuries of Ink”

9 Dec1907 Adele m Dr Ernest George FfrenchRAMC  NYC

1920?? David  resident 10^th Street, close to 5^th Ave, NYC  “He did not believe anyone else in the world in his limited profession was in a class with (himself)” Claire Carvalho

1925 Advt NYC Directory “Expert in Handwriting” 258 Broadway R409

29 Jun1925 died at his home New Rochelle,Westchester,NY

 “ My father devoted a great deal of his time to a consideration of disputed Wills. …Others have (hidden) their wills in some queer cache (where)….they would not think of concealing even a small amount of money” “Long before his career had passed its zenith, my father estimated that he had affected the courts’ decisions as to….. propertyaggregating over £200million…a large share (being) will disputes”

“When my father died we children hunted high and low for signs of a Will. There was none in his safe-deposit box, nor among any of his papers. My sisters and brothers do not think he ever executed a will. I believe that he did and that he put it away for safe-keeping. Perhaps he had more than one deposit box. Somehow where a will is concerned men cannot help being secretive. When he died he was trying to tell us something but he could not force his lips and tongue to form the words. “Box” he said. “What is it father?” asked one of my brothers. “Box” he repeated. Then he ceased to be able to say anything”

Claire Carvalho Weiller 1929 from “Crime in Ink”

So the estate was administered as an intestacy and eldest son Bertram appointed administrator by the Surrogates Court, Westchester,NY to distribute the assets equally among the 5 siblings. Adele used her share to purchase the long lease on 66 Harley Street, London.

H) ADELE MIRIAM CARVALHO (1876/1958)

21 Dec 1876 born NYC

9 Dec 1907 M Ernest George Ffrench (1876/1937) NYC

15 June 1916 Violet Anne born London(M George Davis D California)

1958 d Washington,DC

I) GEOFFREY ERNEST FFRENCH(1917/1980

25 Nov 1917 Geoffrey  born Dublin

1942  marries Marjory Grace Godfrey of St Johns, Newfoundland

Jan 1980 dies Kent,England

J) CHILDREN OF GEOFFREY & MARJORY FFRENCH

Jonathan Ewart b 1944,Susan Adele b 1947 Nancy Rosalind b 1948 Simon Geoffrey b 1950

SIBLINGS OF ADELE MIRIAM CARVALHO

BERTRAM NUNES CARVALHO(1879/??)

27 May 1878 born

1903 Marr Jesselyn Pierce(1875/1938)

1904 B John Bertram d1968

1906 B Adelaide P

1908 B Curtis Balton Pierce who married 28 June 1932 Melba Wyckoff

1911 B David III Nunes who marr 25 May 1940 Annette Philbrick d??

1913 B Bertram Nunes Jnr(d 1994)

1975 dies Hartford,Connecticut

DAYTON 1881  dies at 1

MAIE(1882/1974)

19 May 1882 b Mar 1901 Carl F Sturhahn of Germanywho died 1939

1903 B Herbert Carl d CA 1939

1906 B Edward Marshall Snr 1905/6 marr 1929 Louise Dailey(1909/96) he  d 1992

14 Apr 1974 Maie dies Sarasota FL

Edward & Louise had Joan Sturhahn(1930/11 Apr2010) & Edward Marshall Jnr (1934/??)

Joan marr Garland Mourning McNutt & had Marshall McNutt Sep 1956

LESLIE RUSSELL NUNES (1885/Dec1955 died auto accident)

Abt 1914 married Sophia G Goodman(1890/??)

1915 B Paul D—died 1940

1920 B Anne

CLAIRE NUNES CARVALHO 1888/1970

13 Sep 1888 b NY

1902/3 “To my young friend of the House of Carvalho—Claire by name, in remembrance of the Many Happy hours spent under her father’s hospitable roof,where Claire(13?) fluttered from game to book,from book to play like the dear little butterfly she is. May the Almighty God Bless that household” General Molineux

1907 Adele marries and Claire becomes David’s “motherless housekeeper”

1913 m Herbert A Weiller Silk designer(1887/1967)

1913/14 2 daus Sylvia & Virginia?—Or were they one?

1929 Writes “Crime in Ink”

Feb 1931 Writes “Paging Danger” a musical.Closes after 4 nights

27 Oct 1970 dies Sarasota,FL

3) GEORGE I FFRENCH & family-- Time lines

2 June 1742 born, baptised 23^rd June, the 2^nd son, 5^th child of Peter French and his wife Catherine Noke of Kingston

Educated @  ??  Legal training in London?

1759  Jane Charlotte Beckford born

9 Jun 1777 Son George II born mother Jane Charlotte Beckford aged 16 (Dies ??)

7 Oct 1782 Son Edward I born mother Jane Charlotte Beckford aged 21  (Dies 7 Sep 1835 St Catherines)

1780/85  Crown Solicitor & Clerk to the House of Assembly per Almanacs & Feurtado

1782 In the list of Attorneys-at-Law admitted to practice at His Majesty’s Supreme Court of Judicature; in the High Court, assistant Judge, Solicitor for the Crown and Clerk of the Peace in Spanish Town, St Catherine’s

7 Dec 1784 George I French petitions on behalf of Jane Charlotte Beckford

8 Dec 1784  A petition of George (I) French, Solicitor for the Crown, was presented to the House setting forth;

That the Petitioner by virtue of his said office, prosecuted, defended and carried on, diverse suits at law, on the part of the Crown, for the present year of our Lord 1784 and in the course of such proceedings, recovered many considerable sums of money, part whereof has been paid into the Treasury.

That the Petitioner hath drawn out a just & true account of the charges and expenses attending such suits, amounting in the whole, to the sum of £164 7s, a copy of which account is hereby annexed, attested by the petitioner, the charges contained in which are conformable to a resolution of the House, in a convention in the year of our Lord 1772 & Praying for relief (Account annexed)

14 Dec 1784 “The engrossed bill to entitle Jane Charlotte Beckford of the Parish of St Catherine, a free mulatto woman, and George (II) French and Edward (I) French free quadroons, the children of the said J.C.B. to the same rights and priviledges with English subjects, born of white parents, under certain restrictions, was read the third time.

Resolved That the said bill do pass & that Mr Speaker sign the same.

Ordered  that Mr Simpson & Mr Murphy be a committee to carry the said bill(s) to the Council, & desire their concurrence, who return reported the delivery thereof

20 Dec 1784 That it be recommended to the House (of Assembly) to direct a clause to be inserted in one of the money bills, for paying the sum of £164 7s to George (I) French, Solicitor for the Crown, in full of his account annexed to his petition to the House this session.

1785 Son Robert born mother Jane Charlotte Beckford aged 25 (dies 11 Oct 1835 St Catherines)

1788 Dau Ann Eliza born  mother Jane Charlotte Beckford aged 29 (d 13 Oct 1835 St Catherines)

31 Jan 1788 George I marries Elizabeth Ann Jackson,  (Dau of  Chief justice William Jackson?) both of St Catherines

1789 Son John born (Dies 6 Jan 1790)

1793 Son Henry born (Dies 18 Jan 1800)

1793/4 Various Assembly Notices in Royal Gazette signed by him inc his fees

13 Feb 1795  George I French dies of the dropsy aged 53, St Catherines.

24 Feb 1795 Mr Speaker informed the House (of Assembly) of the death of George French esquire, their late Clerk. And a motion being made, and the question put, that James Lewis Esquire be appointed Clerk in his room.

18 Jan 1800 Son Henry dies of a “sore throat”.

15 Aug 1825 Elizabeth Ann Jackson French dies Kingston

23 Oct 1825  Jane Charlotte Beckford dies

4) Burke’s Landed Gentry  Smiths of Annesbrook 

5) Burke’s Landed Gentry  Ffrench of Monivea

6,7,8) Mary Seacole’s Will 

9) History of the 64^th Regiment (1834-52 excerpt)- published by Leo Cooper

10)Jane Charlotte Beckford’s Will Inventory of 1829  (Lodging house contents)     (3 pages  with  many thanks to the Jamaica Archives for this)

11) The Beckford story

12) Burke’s Landed Gentry  Beckfords

13) Monumental Inscriptions  The Beckfords in Spanish Town Cathedral

14) The Glave family of Jamaica

Stephen Sharpe Glave, born around 1800, came to Jamaica from North Riding, Yorkshire, England around 1832  with Lord  Mulgrave? After  the ending of slavery he purchased the Heavitree estate, and its now demolished Great House, from John Davy .It was situated in the northern part of Manchester parish in the centre of the island at an altitude of around 2000 feet.  Stephen was a wealthy man.

 In his Will  he left property named Whitby, Heavitree, Good Intent, Craighead, Doncaster, Highgate Hall, Ravens Run &  “my share of Cave River” in Manchester, St Anns & Clarendon.

He met Katherine Waugh (Is this Kitty Wright”domestic”–his housekeeper?) No marriage record found They both died in 1873.    They had 8 children between 1836 and 1853-see Descendant list below.

Their 2^nd daughter was Frances “Fanny” Ann Glave born at  Whitby, 20 June 1845.Fanny later described  herself “mulatto” so her mother must also have been coloured. Fanny inherited Heavitree in 1873.At that time Stephen’s mixed cattle, the Heavitree  furniture etc (inc the Piano!)  were sold off by the executors Fanny met Arthur George Ffrench shortly after, when, as Assistant Collector of Taxes he was posted from Spanish Town to Manchester in April 1874.Arthur was 23; Fanny  29. 3 months later Fanny was pregnant

Arthur George Ffrench (a) & Fanny were married by licence 29^th Nov 1876  in St George’s Church (b) at Mile Gully—“Duppy”  Church-now ruined-- by Rev WJ Drougut B.A. Witnesses John Sawyers & F.W.Bonitto—ie no Ffrench’s or Glaves.  Sawyers & Fanny had been joint executors of Stephen Sharpe Glave’s Will.   Arthur & Fanny  had 5 children together—all born at Heavitree;

1) Kathleen Glave Ffrench (c) born 10 March 1875(18 months before Arthur married Fran & after Arthur had had a son Ernest George Ffrench, born 15 Nov 1876, with Jane Victoria Smith.) .Kathleen married Wilfred Charles Jacobs and they had a son Shirley Jacobs. According to Donna, Shirley mortgaged Heavitree & failed to service the debt resulting in foreclosure & sub-division & the families move to harry Watch. Kathleen ran the Harry Watch Post Office (e) & died in 1922.

2) Frances Eliza “ Fran” Ffrench (d) born 22 Mar 1878. Fran married David Charles Thomas born 1880 and they had 3 children, Thelma, Kathleen (f) & David. Fran died after 1922.

3) St George Moore Ffrench born 9 Dec 1879 died aged 43 on 11 Dec 1922.

4) Arthur Headley Peter Ffrench (g) born 30 Nov 1881.Arthur Peter met Irene Getfield in 1916 and they had daughter Myrtle Mae Ffrench born 27 Sept 1917. Irene died soon after. Myrtle Mae married Charles Adolphus Jones and they had, among other children, Donna Marie Cover-Jones and Don Kemeel Jones, now living in Florida & Canada.

After Irene died Arthur Peter married Amy Adina Thomas born 1902 and they had Gladys (g) born 18 Oct 1918 and Icy(line) (h) born Nov 1920. Gladys married Hepburn Ashman and they had Mark Ffrench Ashman (j), now living in Manchester. Icy married Mr Goodall, now deceased; she lives in Kingston Jamaica. Arthur Peter died in 1968.

5) Stephen Shirley Ffrench born 3 Sep 1884-died of tetanus aged 12 16 Mar 1896.

Arthur George Ffrench, who had become Clerk to the Parish of St Catherines in Spanish Town, Master of the SpanishTown Freemasons and generally quite significant  locally, got into some unexplained (financial?) difficulties in Dec 1886 & fled to London, aged 35. The Governor of Jamaica dismissed him for abandoning his post. His Jamaica family seem to have put around the story that he had died. When Frances Eliza married David C Thomas in 1904, she was described as daughter of “the late Arthur Geo Ffrench”. But he remained in Clapham, London as a Poor Law clerk in low-cost accommodation until his death from illness in 1905 aged 51. His landlady sorted out his (intestate) estate & sent £62 and his effects to his widow Fran in Jamaica. Icy still has a glass (k) and vase (l) out of the chest that her father recalled arriving on a fruit ship from London and Fanny’s bible (m).She also has cutlery (n), linen (o) and plants (p) from the Great House at Heavitree.

Frances Ann Fanny Ffrench who had continued to run the estate, producing coffee & pimentos mainly exported to England, died after 1922

Other living relatives of Stephen Sharpe Glave & Kitty include  Michael Prescod, living in Kingston, Jamaica from Edward “Mas Ned” Glave & Catherine Isabella “Aunt Missy” Bailey +Akira Sugihara, living in New Jersey, from “Aunt Missy” and Mr Collins

Descendants of Stephen Sharpe Glave

1-Stephen Sharpe Glave (before 20 September 1814-1 April 1873)
+Katherine KittyWright?  Waugh/ (-3 January 1873)
. . 2-William Glave (1836-)
. . 2-Maria Glave (1838-)
. . +Lionel de Silva Henriques (-)
. . 2-Thomas Glave (1839-)
. . 2-Charles Woofe Glave (1840-)
. . 2-Stephen Woofe Glave (1842-about 1865)
. . 2-Frances Fanny Ann Glave (20 June 1845-after 1922)
. . +Arthur George Ffrench (about 1851-8 August 1905)
. . . . 3-Kathleen Glave Ffrench (10 March 1875-1922)
. . . . +Wilfed Charles Jacobs (-)
. . . . . . 4-Shirley Jacobs (-)
. . . . 3-Frances Eliza "Fan" Ffrench”The Duchess” (22 March 1878-after 1940)
. . . . +David Charles Thomas (1880-)
. . . . . . 4-Thelma Thomas (-)
. . . . . . +Unknown Galant (-)
. . . . . . 4-Kathleen Thomas (-)
. . . . . . 4-David Thomas (-)
. . . . 3-St George Moore Ffrench (9 December 1879-11 December 1922)
. . . . 3-Arthur Hedley Peter Ffrench (30 November 1881-February 1968)
. . . . +Irene Getfield (-about 1917)
. . . . . . 4-Myrtle Mae Ffrench (27 September 1917-4 April 1994)
. . . . . . +Charles Adolphus Jones (14 August 1907-20 January 2000)
. . . . . . . . 5-Donna Marie Jones-Cover (about 1955-)
. . . . . . . . +Desmond Cover (-)
. . . . . . . . . . 6-Jordan Cover (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Don Kemeel Jones (about 1960-)
. . . . +Amy Adina Thomas (1902-December 1994)
. . . . . . 4-Gladys Clementina Ffrench (18 October 1918-20 July 2005)
. . . . . . +Hepburn Ashman (-2 November 1968)
. . . . . . . . 5-Mark Ashman Ffrench (about 1960-)
. . . . . . 4-Icyline Ffrench (November 1920-)
. . . . . . +Unknown Goodall (-)
. . . . 3-Stephen Shirley Ffrench (3 September 1884-16 March 1896)
. . 2-Edward"Mas Ned" Glave (1850-1919)
. . +Catherine Isabella"Aunt Missy" Bailey (-)
. . . . 3-Hepsiba"Ms Addie" Glave (-)
. . . . +"Teacher" Davidson (-)
. . . . . . 4-Sybil Davidson (-)
. . . . . . +Lewis Austin "Q" Prescod (-)
. . . . . . . . 5-Michael Prescod (-)
. . 2-Elizabeth "Eliza" Glave (1853-after 1900)

                                          (a)  Arthur George Ffrench c 1885

                   (b)  “Duppy” Church, St George’s Church, Mile Gully, Manchester                                                                   

                                      (c) Kathleen Glave Ffrench c 1885

                               (d) Frances Eliza “Fran” Ffrench c 1885

                                        (e)  Harry Watch Post Office today

                                             (f) Kathleen Thomas c 1925

                                         (g) Arthur Headley Peter Ffrench c 1965

                                        (h) Gladys Ashman nee Ffrench c 2005

                                                (i) Icy(line) in Kingston, 2011

                                      (j) Mark Ffrench Ashman Heavitree, 2011

                       (k) Arthur George Ffrench’s glass inscribed Ffrench 1873 c/o Icy

                           (l) A vase from Arthur George Ffrench’s chest(?) c/o Icy

                             (m) Frances Ann “Fanny” Glave Ffrench’s bible c/o Icy

                                          (n) Cutlery from Heavitree c/o Icy

                                               (o) Linen from Heavitree c/o Icy 

                                          (p) Plants from Heavitree c/o Icy

Appendix 15)

Lt Col Ernest  George  Ffrench of the RAMC –Timelines

15 Nov 1876 born.Baptized 20 Dec 1876 Spanish Town Jamaica  Illegitimate Colored. Mother Jane Victoria Smith Father Arthur George Ffrench Clerk Municipal Board(of St Catherines)

1876-1887 Kingston Mother selling dairy products &  running LodgingHouse 7 East St.

1887-1892 At Morrison’s Collegiate School, Kingston.Aged 11-16

1892/3 Bishops College, Sherbrooke,Quebec for preliminary entry exams to Edinburgh University

Sep 1893 Enters Edinburgh University.  “His subjects were many including Botany,Natural History,Physics,Chemistry,Anatomy,Pathology,Surgery,Midwifery,Diseases of children etc”

1898 Aged 22 Graduated from Edinburgh M.B., Ch B (The RAMC is formed)

1899 House physician post at Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh @ £180 p.a.

extracts from Officers’ Service Records, obituaries etc -My comments in italics

1900 Medical post at Royal Alexandra Hospital Brighton where did his scoliosis study work-- living at 26 Bedford Square Aged 23.

3 July 1900 Joined Army (as civil surgeon) ref 4861/6512 "Ability good, conduct good" ref 4861/9344  “Paid £1 a day a very attractive rate” per RAMC story

6 July 1900 embarked for S Africa on the HM Troopship Dilwara. Posted "vice H Bryant deceased" . H Bryant had died 7 June at Bloemfontein—“a surgeon in the South African Field Force in the Civil Surgeons & Ambulance Brigade—per Genealogy.com UK Casualties of the Boer War1899-1902”

29 Nov 1900 Saw action in Cape Colony, Orange River Colony,Transvaal & at Rhenester Kop where “saw men mowed down in long waves” “The typhoid bacillus was the main killer though”.14000 dead from the disease 6000 killed in action.

 28 May 1901 "Recommended for Commission by GOC in C"  GOC in C is General Officer Commander in Chief, which at that time in S Africa was General Frederick  Roberts -- who subsequently "waived answers to awkward questions in respect of his application to be an officer, put by a suspicious fellow-officer" (ie EGF’s  illegitimacy etc)

Awarded certificate in Proficiency & Riding Certificate.His service of 10 months 26 days as civil surgeon counting towards ret(ire)d pay & gratuity. ”served with Lord Methuen attached to the 1^st Battalion of the Duke of Wellington’s Regiment”   Made “a lifetime member of Mess”.

April 12 1901 Discharged from Hospital “to Duty”. Probably sick not wounded.

28 May 1901 made  Lieutenant  In S.Africa to 5 Oct 1902 then at Home( Army Training Centre, Aldershot) to 17 Mar 1903

 "Medal(QSAM) & 3 clasps(Cape Colony,Orange River Colony & Transvaal)  o.p.q. issued by A.G.2 25-11-02  68/amc/776     Medal (KSAM) & 2 clasps(1901 1902 ) issd 1-9-03 ag2/m/9753"

o.p.q. is a difficult one. I would guess that the "q" is quarterly because it was issued by A. G. 2 [Adjutant General 2. A. G. is a person and the 2 is a branch in his department] Could "o" be for officers and "p" be for personnel. The AG branch dealt with personnel matters. [HR in modern day speak!]The "amc" could be a reference for Army Medical Corps       Peter

18 March 1903  at Up Park Camp ,Kingston, Jamaica

May 1903 Michael Edward Smith, grandfather, dies Dublin.

8 July 1903. “Mr Ernest Ffrenc(sic) & Miss Smith sail to Bristol” To Annesbrook?

28 May 1904 made Captain

15 Sep 1904 sails to New York Meets Adele Carvalho

7 May 1906 Posted back Home(Est)  “Adjutant at RAMC training camp,Brighton.”

14 Jan 1907 Kingston earthquake destroying the Lodging House at 7 East St

9 Dec 1907 Marries Adele in New York City.

1908 Attached to Royal Engineers at Chatham then surgical specialist Scottish Command at Edinburgh Garrison Passed exam for promotion to Major Aug 1908. “Did not specialize”

22 July 1909 Elected FRCS(Edin) His country address “Co Wexford,Ireland”.

5 Oct 1910 to 17 Sept 1913 India.Poonamallu, Madras and Ahmednagar in the Deccan.

28 May 1913 Major 18 Sept 1913 to 1 Aug 1914 Home(Leave) Went to America . Studied at Rockefeller Institute & John Hopkins Hosp Baltimore.

April 1914 sailed from NYC to Jamaica to introduce Adele to Jane. Expected to return to India

July 1914 On return placed in command of Military Hospital, Rochester Row, training junior RAMC officers for active service.

Spring 1916 sent to Dublin –(by exchange 112/MED/1013) as Dermatologist to Irish Command, enlarging a special Military Hospital there Letter of appreciation from L.Govt Board Ireland

22 June 1916 daughter Violet born in London

25 Nov 1917 son Geoffrey born in Dublin. Ernest bought lease on 66 Harley St

3 Dec 1917 - 28 Nov 1919 France Commanding 51 & 56 Field Hosp Etaples, Vimy Ridge, Bethune &  Arras

9 Nov 1918 to 29 Nov 1919  Acting Lt Col Communiqued W.O. 18.9.1917  “Brought to notice of S. of S.for War for valuable services rendered in connection with the war”.

S of S is Secretary of State for War, who was Winston Churchill  10-01-1919 to 13-02-1921

29 Nov 1919 to 19 Aug 1920 Home

British War Medal,Victory Medal,per RAMC  Mentioned in Despatches x 2 ,16 Mar 1919 and 10 July 1919 per RAMC not found 1st yet—2^nd is Gen Haig List, several hundred officers & men

20 Aug 1920 Retires-- on retired pay aged 43 after 20 years service

 Private Consultant at 66 Harley Street

1921 Elected M.R.C.P Apptd Chief Assistant Dermatologist Skin Dept St Bartholemews Hospital

1921 Buys 7 East St from Jane for £400

1925 Physician in charge Skin dept London Temperance Hospital. Research in Vienna.

29 June 1925 David Carvalho dies.Ernest,Adele,Violet(8),Geoff(7) sail to New York 20 July 1925.Adele receives $4150 from David’s estate.

Sep/Oct 1925 sail on to Jamaica for 2 weeks. Young  Geoffrey meets Jane at 7 East St and writes his note “Just a slip of a girl”.

1928 Mother Jane Victoria dies. Ernest extends 66 Harley St lease to 999 years at cost of £3250

1929 Sells 7 East St for £1900

1930 Geoff goes to Harrow School

15 Nov 1931Ceases to belong to Reserve of Officers

1933 Jane Victoria’s friend dies and Ernest obtains probate

Apr 1934 Violet “Presented” to King George V & Queen Mary ie debutante

Dec 1934 Ernest,Adele,Violet to New York 3 months. Appointed Associate Professor New York Polyclinic & Postgraduate School.

Jan 1935  Interviewed by Hartford Courier while staying with Maie & Carl Friedrich  Sturhahn

25 July 1937 Dies at Shernover, Brenchley,Kent aged 61 Leaves £20,000 gross £10,000 net. Mortgage on 66 Harley St?    Obituaries in Times (2 Aug 1937) BMJ, RAMC gazette